Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Peer review - Essay Example According to the article, incorporating a balanced scorecard allows any organization to analyze how they are doing both non-financially and financially through going deep into where they are and decide the route that they will follow in order to attain their goals and objectives. According to Blocher et al. (2012), they also believe that in order to succeed, you have to align your business activities to the strategy and vision of the organization, improve external and internal communications, as well as monitor organization performance against planned goals. In the last paragraph, the writer elucidates to the reader how the organization overcame their plummeting sales through changing their strategy and deciding what their client would like to experience, how they can evaluate their financial performance and better manage their internal affairs, which were all significant aspects of assessing the performance of an organization (Michelli, 2007). Some of the thing that the writer could have added to the paper to make it more special is discussions on why the sales of Starbucks decreased in 2007 and how they got back up. Some critics also advise that writers should bear in mind that their articles might reach many people from different religions, thus is it also advisable to write from a neutral point of view rather than dwelling on one religion in order for others to feel recognized

A Streetcar Named Desire-A Tragic Hero Essay Example for Free

A Streetcar Named Desire-A Tragic Hero Essay There are nine types of heroes in this world, each of them with their own unique stories, plots, cliches etc. Among those is the classic tragic hero, one who is destined to fail no matter what. In a Streetcar Named Desire, the tragic hero is Blanche Dubois, an aging Southern Belle living in a state of perpetual panic about her fading beauty. In this essay it will be discussed what makes Blanche a tragic hero and how she compares to a typical tragic hero. A typical tragic hero is first and foremost, born of noble stature. This gives the hero something to fall from, so they can fall from grace (Avril Lavigne, Nobodys Home). Blanche Dubois born in Laurel, Mississippi, to a wealthy family. She is a former schoolteacher who had been evicted from Belle Reve (a family home) after being declared a woman of loose morals. This was because years earlier, Blanches husband committed suicide after she expressed her distaste on his sexuality. She later had many affairs trying to numb her grief on the death of her husband. The second condition for a tragic hero is what is called Hamartia, a tragic flaw that auses the downfall of the hero. Blanches tragic flaw is that she is dependant on men, so much so that she makes choices and does things that are morally questionable. She manipulates and lies to potential suitors to make herself seem more attractive and younger-which in her mind is the only way a man will love her. She does this with Harold Mitch Mitchell and it seems to be working until Mitch is informed of all the lies hes been fed, at which point Mitch breaks up with Blanche and leaves her vulnerable for Stanley to rape. The reversal of fortune, peripeteia, is when the fortunate hero is down on his luck. In Blanches case, she loses Belle Reve, her husband is a homosexual and dead, she is evicted from her own town and is losing her beauty. She used to be a wealthy and beautiful Southern belle with a loving family and kind husband but her luck changed directions and she lost everything she held dear. One of the most obvious conditions of a tragic hero is nemesis, the fate that cannot be reversed. In other words, no matter what the hero tries or does their fate is ealed. Blanches fate is inevitable, all people can do is watch as she falls deeper and deeper into her delusions and misconceptions of reality. In the end of the tragedy, the audience should be left feeling pity or fear after witnessing the downfall of the tragic hero, catharsis. This is because the punishment dealt to the hero is not wholly deserved, the punishment far exceeds the crime. Blanche was a sad and confused woman who was looking for comfort and someone to take care of her. She lied and manipulated people to try and get the happy life she anted but that did not mean she deserved to be raped, abandoned by her own sister and publicly humiliated. Blanche herself said It [deliberate cruelty] is the one untorgivable thing in my opinion and it is the one thing I nave never, never been guilty of. (Williams, Scene 10 Pg 126) Anagnoririsis is the recognition or discovery made by the tragic hero, the point in time when the hero realizes what went wrong and why. Most other tragedies like Hamlet and Mcbeth feature this but this does not happen to Blanche. In the end Blanche was sent to a mental institution, she never gained any knowledge of what truly happened and why. In this way, it could be said that Blanche is not your typical tragic hero because she does not meet this point but that is not a bad thing. Blanche is a unique tragic hero who will never know what went wrong as she has submerged herself in her own little world. A typical, yet unique, tragic hero, Blanche did her best to be happy, her only goal. Unfortunately for her, she did not go about the right way of doing it. The wrong eople were angered and others tried to force Blanche to face reality. Blanche was unable to let go of the walls that protected her from the harsh truth, and so she fell from grace. The final scene in which Blanche utters her most famous line l have always depended on the kindness of strangers. , is the sad culmination of Blanches vanity and total dependence on men for happiness. sealed. Blanches tate is inevi table, all people can do is watch as sne talls deeper and unforgivable thing in my opinion and it is the one thing I have never, never been

Sopranos and the Perpetuated Mafiosi Image Essay -- essays research pa

The Sopranos and the Perpetuated Mafiosi Image A life of organized crime, fancy cars, machine guns, beautiful women, money, power and family; these are the images that have perpetuated the associations of Italian-Americans with the Mafia in film and television for decades. It is in this traditional Godfather fashion that the HBO hit series The Sopranos continues to perpetuate this stereotypical image into the 21st century. From classic films like The Godfather and Goodfellas, to miniseries events like Bella Mafia and The Last Don, to the dramatic series The Sopranos, Italian-Americans have traditionally been portrayed as gangsters and mobsters and have been seen living the lives of organized criminals. Italian-Americans and the Mafia have traditionally been linked in popular culture and The Sopranos is no exception. "It's undeniable that the dominant pop-culture images of Italian-Americans have been the mobster and the related, anti-working class stereotype of the boorish gavone" (De Stefano 32). Textually, Tony Soprano is just this. He is an Italian-American, living in a suburban New Jersey town, the head of the local Mafia family. He is anything but working class, as he is continually portrayed as the mobster dealing with "business." He is involved in murders, blackmail, illegal gambling and racketeering. Inter-textually, there are frequent references to Mafia popular culture. Tony and his gang regularly recite lines from The Godfather and refer to each other as "Donnie Brasco." Tony's relationship with his therapist parallels that of the satiric Mafia film, Analyze This and comments are made to that effect. These inter-textual references draw attention to the traditional Mafia portrayals in film and television and acknowledge the existence of this stereotypical d epiction of Italian-Americans in visual media. The producers of The Sopranos go as far as to include comedic extra-textual references, drawing upon the social commentary of ethnic stereotyping. When Tony's therapist and her family make a toast over dinner to the "20 million Italian-Americans" who have nothing to do with organized crime, we see here a representation of the opposition by Italian-Americans to the Mafia-stereotype. Sub-textually, the covert commentary within the series runs deep. Running between the lines are sub-plots dealing with family val... ...hus associates people of such ethnic descent with crime and corruption. Those in opposition of the show see it as " a buffoonish caricature of (these) people" and "an ethnic minstrel show" (Showalter 42). In line with traditional representations of Italian-Americans in visual media, the Sopranos continues a portrayal of Mafiosi and glamorized lives of crime and power. Yet, this fresh take on and old image successfully creates a window to the realistic lifestyle of a modern-day Mafia family. While this series presents a look at only a microcosm of contemporary society, it perpetuates the stereotypical association of Italian-Americans as sensationalized Mafiosi and glorifies the lifestyle of organized criminals in the 21st century. BIBLIOGRAPHY Auster, Albert. "The Sopranos: the gangster redux." Television Quarterly 31 : 4 (Winter, 2001): 34-8. De Stefeno, George. "Ungood Fellas." The Nation 270 : 5 (Feb. 7, 2000) : 31-3. Golway, Terry. "Life in the 90's." America 180 : 10 (March 27, 1999) : 6. Showalter, Elaine. "Mob Scene." American Prospect 11 : 8 (Feb. 28, 2000) : 42-3 . The Sopranos. Chase, David. HBO. 1999-2002.

Intellectual Property Piracy

Intellectual Intellectual property is under attack by pirates. These pirates are not wearing an eye patch or sporting a peg leg, they are anybody and everybody who are selling or copying software for personal or business use. When it comes to software and online piracy, in certain countries, it is like the Wild West, there are laws that are very cut and dry but it seems like nobody follows them. On the other hand there are certain countries where it almost seems like anything goes with a lack of government regulation.The United States has very strict laws about copyright infringement. If a person is found guilty of copyright infringement in the US, it is considered a felony charge which carries a heavy fine as well as possible jail time. In December 2011, the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) released a list of â€Å"notorious markets,† or markets that â€Å"typify the problem of marketplaces that deal in goods and services that infringe on IPR and help to sustain global piracy and counterfeiting,† according to a USTR press release(China Urges US, 2012).Along with strict enforcement of anti-piracy laws, countries of North America, Western Europe and Australia tend to follow the Rule of Law in which society validates laws and codes. There are many associations emerging to fight technology piracy to ensure intellectual property rights. Such organization such as WTO (World Trade Organization), WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), and the WCT (World Copyright Treaty) have been created to police the piracy of intellectual property. With these organizations, intellectual piracy had seen a decline for a short amount of time.In a study in 2009, it was found that of all software found in developed countries, 80% of the software was legitimately purchased. On the other hand, it was also found that in emerging countries, about 60% of software was found to be pirated. Those emerging countries account for 45% of the global hardware marke t while they only account for less they 20% of legitimate software. Emerging countries are actually putting out more computers then legal software to put on the computers. In 2009 alone, the US lost 50 billion dollars to software piracy. It is a daunting task to police these intellectual thieves.When looking at the piracy of intellectual property globally, it seems to be a complicated task at hand to police. There are many countries that are trying to get a grasp on the problem at hand. Statistically the United States are leading the way with only 21% of its software was pirated in a 2008 report. In January 2012, the US passed the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the U. S. House and the Senate's Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA ) which would strengthen penalties for pirating movies, music, merchandise and books, have pitted corporate interests against each other and against free-speech advocates(Mitchell, 2012).Though one out of five computers in the US had illegal software, which is better than the 95% of software pirated in the country of Georgia. Organizations such as the WTO are helping on the forefront of against piracy by creating treaties amongst countries to in order to reduce the level of theft of IPR’s. The countries that seem to be adhering to this these treaties tend to have a higher level of individualism as well as a stronger grasp of the rule of law in compared to their counterparts. Other ways of controlling the piracy plague have been put into place.Technological security system like adding passwords and login, putting protection on the purchased software that would make it incapable of copying or burning are progressing to slow down the taking of intellectual property. Will this stop the problem completely? Most likely not, but it provides a promising future for IPR’s. In undeveloped countries across the world, piracy is running rampant with out much government enforcement. In China, it is legal to have 499 pirated DVDs i n a person’s possession. If caught with more, it’s only a fine that would be about the same as a parking ticket.With countries such as China India or Russia that have a low sense of individualism, IPR is not a pressing matter. Those are some of the greatest populated countries of the world and the problem spreads even further then them. Without stricter enforcement in such countries, there is no end to how far piracy of software will go. In Western Europe, there is the alarming fact that more computer hardware is being produced then software is being sold. These emerging countries are taking hold of counterfeiting and sophisticating the way of doing business illegally.With the internet and person to person sharing, it is getting easier and more efficient to sell and trade pirated software. Piracy is inevitable. When the people of the world have no ethical problem with breaking IPR’s, there will be no end to the problem. The majority of the people that are pirati ng do not believe they are even breaking any laws. As much as we try to control, regulate and enforce piracy, there will always be someone looking for a new way of finding an end to a means. Piracy has been compared to that of illegal drug trafficking, it is an endless war that seems to have no end in site.If your take the cultures in where the heaviest of piracy of software is taking place, it is those that are a collective society, with little regard for those IPRs of individuals. The only way that piracy will end is if the world changes and conforms to having principles that respect these creative individuals and their governments take initiative and lead the way in solving this problem. This unfortunately, may never happen, and piracy will continue to be a problem that plagues the business world.

Nursing Image Essay

1 Introduction One of the most challenging issues nurses striving for since 20 years ago is nursing image in nursing profession. We define ourselves and are defined by others through images and similarly in any other profession like nursing. The way nurses how nurses perceive themselves as professional will affect the way others include family, friends, associate and public to look you. In the Concise Oxford English Dictionary image is defined as ‘the general impression that a person, organization or product presents to the public’ (Soames & Stevenson, 2004) or as ‘a mental picture representing a real object or a more or less accurate likeness of a thing or person’ (Thomas, 1993, p. 965) in Tabor’s Encyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Nurses have to try to get out from the stereotype of nursing image from the past like ministering angel, battle-axe/sex symbol, handmaiden of doctors, subordinate professional and finally autonomous professional that need critical thinking to make decision to ensure the to render the most effective and efficient care for patient. The image of a nurse portrayed in the media will very much influence the public the way they view at nurses either positively or negatively. Nurses are invisible as mentioned by public as they are used to be silent and accept what others think about them until recently some coalition announced In this write up I am interested to explore nursing image and nursing profession in past year that impact current positive image of nursing in the country with strategies that promoting and sustaining nursing image. 2 Critical Discussion on the Current Image of Nursing in the country In order to upgrade the nursing status in Malaysia to become more profession which account to better image of nursing, nurses are encouraged to pursue higher education to admit to degree program, Master’s and PhD courses either in full time or distance-learning program. This uptake brought Malaysian  nurses to become more professionalization. Besides, Malaysia Nursing Board had endorsed a mandatory CPE program in 2008 with feedbacks from nurses to update knowledge, better patient outcome, improve communication skills, increase sense of self-esteem and competency to practice autonomously and improve decision making skills (Chong, 2011). In the study of Natan, 2009 stated 68.5% (245 out of 358) of nursing students of Israel believed they must have undergo change with these Five characteristics of the present profession of nursing, that is, Angel of Mercy, Romantic, Careerist, Obedient and Bureaucratic. Same as other studies that student nurses expect the aspect of Careerist (Mackay & Elliott, 2002; Spouse, 2000) as the major characteristic of nursing profession which represent an intelligent, logical, progressive nurse committed to achieve increasingly higher standard of patient care (Kalisch and Kalish, 1987; Natan, 2009). Due to the strong patriarchal society, nurses in Iran have a poor image of nursing that bring to low self-esteem, sense of frustration, hopelessness and confusion about self-image and social identity of nursing. So, male nursing student strived to get a university degree to work in hospital as supervisor, internal managers, in the office of nursing, or even on business side of medicine or medical equipment but not in patient care provision. And, there is always a need for male and female nurses vacancy as female nurses have their limitation to meet all the male patients’ needs and male nurses always occupy the senior position (Nasrabadi, Emami, & Yekta, 2003; Adib Hajbaghery, & Salsali, 2005; Zamanzadeh, Azadi, Keogh, Monadi, & Negarandeh, 2013). After the Iran-Iraq War there is an increasing demanding in male nurses to provide emergency care in affected area and also in compliance with the laws of the Islamic Republic Iranian male patients’ preference to be cared by male nurses (Fooladi, 2003). Therefore, about 50% of the baccalaureate students admitted into the nursing program in the final years of war (1985-1988) but it dropped to 20% again after the war (Zarea, Negarandeh, Dehghan-Nayeri, & Rezaei-Adaryani, 2009; Nikbakht, & Emami, 2006). Factors that associate with nursing image a) Uniform If a nurse wears a fit uniform which public perceive as sexy, which may suggested more sexualized work attire actually lessens respect for female workers in responsible jobs like management, causing others to see them as less competent and intelligent. b) Gender In general the public reflected nursing as a female profession where they are subordinate, nurturing, domestic, humble, caring and self sacrificing as stereotyped since nightingale’s work and European religious sisterhood model of nursing education (Anthony, 2004). In United State, 6.2% of RNs were men before year 2000 and then increased to 9.6% (Department of Health and Human Service, 2010). c) Media This is the most salient factor that affect nursing image. Due to the media perception about nursing is ‘caring’ but not knowledgeable, competent in patient care, therefore, public will see nurses in the same way as they get known to nursing through what media portrayed. Nurses nowadays are aware of the poor image of nursing as perceived by public had greatly devaluing the nursing profession. Inspiringly, The Center for Nursing Advocacy who helps to guard the influence of nursing image from media by announcing the best and worst portrayal of nurses in the media annually. d) Poor communication According to Gordon 2004, nurses who do have enough confidence, tools and skills to communicate with media will gain respect, public recognition and rewards for being considered as a profession. 3 Critical Discussions on the Significance of Portraying Positive Image in Nursing Profession It is important to have portraying positive image in nursing profession as it reflect nurses’ high quality of patient care, recognition from nurses and others by making a difference in patient wellbeing and hence gain empowerment in decision making in better patient outcome (Ulmer, 2000). By improving and maintaining both public perception of nursing image and nurses self-image, it help to increase nurses’ recruitment and retention, better working environment to improve nurses’ morale and motivation to work, and enhance better job performance, job satisfaction, patients’ satisfaction and empower nurses to affect policy making (Fletcher, 2007; National Students’ Nurses Association 2009-2010). Nurses must grab every single opportunity to positively reflect share your own experiences contributed to patient care in workplace as a role model and mentor to junior nurses formally via organization authority or informally as through your own awareness, mission and enthusiasm in bringing nursing profession to perfection. In 1989, Zukav stressed the way we see and picture ourselves will affect us subconsciously to seek and make the image either positively or negatively and hence gravitate towards others to reinforce it as your image. Nursing had been regarded as a vocation where a nurse provides service to patient and as a divine calling which linked to early roots of nursing within religious order. But in professional field today, nursing is a profession that renders patient care to a complex healthcare system by using our critical thinking skills to make clinical decision together with patients through the specialty knowledge acquired. If only we strike to portray our profession and specialty in positive manner then we must be able to attract and recruit people to join nursing career and to retain in these nursing profession. In addition, the positive nursing image we portraying will correct the devastating image shown in media to public, friends, family members and relatives by telling them what is actually nursing profession means and its contribution to patient care, what are nurses doing in their day to day practice in clinical or non-clinical area, what types of critical or  technology skills we need in order to keep abreast of medical and technology innovation. To genuinely lobbying all these messages through media and discourses with high school students we will be able to recruit more intellectual people not only thinking but also inspired to count on nursing profession as their career. Conversely, the negative nursing image like work incompetently, not interested to work extra effort, not valuing what nurses contributed to patients, gossiping and criticize about colleagues, will make others, public and media to devalue nursing image in nursing profession. As a leader in nursing, nurses should wrote to media to correct whatever the misconception of public regarding nursing image which may devaluing nursing qualities of patient care. 4 Suggestions on Strategies in Promoting and Sustaining Nursing Image Nurses must always identify themselves as a nurse and talking about their nursing profession to public, friends, family and relatives to promote positive image of nursing. Media always interested in human-interest stories rather than nurses professional abilities. Nurses must explicitly explain to media our aspects of work in order to make the nurses profession be visible and to advance. Nurses take themselves seriously and dress the part. With the uniform they wear to keep reminding them to act professionally and collaborate with other healthcare profession to enhance quality of care render to patients through team work among staff and shared clinical decision making with patients and family member. Nurses must join at least one or more professional association. It can be Malaysia Nursing Association (MNA), National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and others. These association helped to organize seminar annually on continuing nursing education in different diversities among different facilities either locally or internationally to update our knowledge to keep abreast with other healthcare professional group to enhance the image of nursing in the  media to make us visible and to represent our practice area to affect the policy maker on Evidenced-Based Practice (EBP) issues by sharing nursing experiences through networking with other nurses. For example, nurses from different facilities meet together to share successful experiences of reducing the rate of Catheter Related Blood Stream infection (CRBSI) among Haemodialysis patient by instilling Gentamicin block into Intrajugular catheter (IJC) and hence to reduce the rate of mortality due to septicemia while awaiting for the Arterio-veno us fistula to be mature and ready for use. In Nurses Week, nurses write to editor of health-related magazine to announce Nurses Day to make public aware of nurses’ contribution to public through clinical experiences to improve and enhance public perception of nursing image to regards nursing as profession. Dispense nurse-related book as free gift to non-nurses to inspire and inform public of nurses’ contribution in healthcare system. Therefore, we can promote our nursing image to them by making it visible and known to public in order to breakdown the stereotype negative images of public. Get involved in a health campaign to give talk regarding contemporary healthcare issue, for example, educate about ‘dengue fever’ by using our professional knowledge regarding disease to educate the public ways of prevention and instruct them to seek treatment in clinic if needed to early detect and improve community health problem. 5 Conclusions Promoting and sustaining positive nursing image is very crucial in nursing profession to keep nurses to be motivated to work and retain in the profession to be more professional and be a role model and mentor nurses everywhere you go to promote nursing image either in personal life or professional workplace. It is also very inspiring to correct public media’s misconception of nursing image by writing to them to keep inform and upgrade them regarding positive image in nursing to recruit more staff to join nursing and retain in nursing and to enhance job satisfaction, job  performance. By actively involved in professional organization to talk to policy maker, write to media or newspaper to keep them well-informed of nurses’ achievement and to get recognition from public. 6 References 1. Adib, H. M., & Salsali, M. (2005). A model for empowerment of nursing in Iran. BMC Health Service Research, 5(1), 24-35. 2. Anthony, A. S. (2004). Gender bias and discrimination in nursing education: Can we change it? Nurse Educator, 29(3), 121-125. 3. Chong, C. M., Sellick, K., Francis, K., & Lim, K. (2011). What Influences Malaysian Nurses to Participate in Continuing Professional Education Activities? Asian Nursing Research, 5(1), 38-47. 4. Fletcher, K. (2007). Image: changing how women nurses think about themselves. Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58, 207-215. 5. Fooladi, M. M. (2003). Gendered nursing education and practice in Iran. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(1), 32-38. 6. Gordon, S. (2004). Nurses and public communication: Protecting definitional claims. Journal of Nursing Management, 12, 273-278. 7. Kalisch, P. A., & Kalisch, B. J. (1987). The changing image of the nurse. Menlo-Park, CA: Addison-Wesley. 8. Mackay, L., & Elliott, J. (2002). Nursing recruitment: School daze. Health Service Journal, 112(5801), 30-38. 9. Nasrabadi, A. N., Emami, A., & Yekta, Z. P. (2003). Nursing experience in Iran. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 9(2), 78-85. 10. National Students’ Nurses Association (2009-2010). The Ripple Effect of Nursing: How Our Actions Reflects Our Image. Available at: http://www.nsna.org/Portals/0/Skins/NSNA/pdf/pubs_image_guidelines.pdf. 11. Soames, C., & Stevenson, A. (eds) (2004). Concise Oxford Dictionary, 11th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 12. Spouse, J. (2000). An impossible dream? Images of nursing held by pre-registration students and their effect on sustaining motivation to become nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 730-739. 13. Thomas, C. L. ed. (1993). Tahor’s Encyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 17th edn. F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA. 14. Zarea, K., Negarandeh, R., Dehghan-Nayeri, N., & Rezaei-Adaryani, M. (2009). Nursing staff shortages and job satisfaction in Iran: Issues and challenges. Nursing and Health Sciences, 11(3), 326-331.

10 Things I Hate About You Essays

Taming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You Essays Taming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You Paper Taming of the Shrew/ 10 Things I Hate About You Paper Essay Topic: The Taming Of the Shrew The story of The Taming of the Shrew is one that raises important issues both in the Shakespearean text and in the modern appropriation 10 Things I Hate About You. How does each composers use of this story reflect the time in which each was composed The Taming of the Shrew was written in the Elizabethan Era in England at a time when men were considered to be superior to women. The patriarchal society of this time is reflected to a large extent in the text and various implications of traditional values can be noted. The modern appropriation, Ten Things I Hate About You, goes along the same story line however it is quite evident that the different context has a significant impact upon the content. The most obvious indicator of the type of society is given through the medium that each text is presented in. The Taming of the Shrew is a play and was staged for audiences during the early 17th century. The fact that Shakespeare chose to write a play rather than, say, a comic strip or screenplay, indicated that it was the most popular form of entertainment at the time. The best way for Shakespeare to have his work known was through the most popular form of entertainment. The language of the text is another tell-tale sign of the type of culture prevalent in Shakespeares era. Shakespearean English is used, which is much more poetic and refined than our present day dialect, hence the people in society had quite sophisticated speech. In the film Ten Things I Hate About You, the language is fairly colloquial and rough-edged. Kat is called a heinous bitch by her peers, and the Principal of the school, someone in an authoritative position, has no problem with relaying that information to Kat. This is a large contrast to the Katherina of the Shakespearean text, whom others called a shrew and a wild beast. This exposes the crude English that society has developed, and that is being used by teenagers. The fact that a person in a position of power doesnt hesitate to use such language emphasizes that it is accepted not only by adolescents but by adults as well. Yet another illustration of the popular culture of modern society is the medium that Ten Things is shown via. Choosing to adapt the play, The Taming of the Shrew, as a film shows that it was one of the most popular forms of entertainment of the 20th century. Society in the Renaissance period was highly dominated by males, and they exercised their power over women quite regularly. We can immediately come to this conclusion after reading the beginning of the text, The Taming of the Shrew. Katherina is being defined by Gremio and Lucentio, and after their first meeting with Katherina Gremio states . .. though her father be very rich, any man is so very a fool to be married to hell Through the mens definitions the audience is given the first opinions of Katherina and she is not given a chance to voice her own opinion or thoughts on the matter. The appropriated version of Katherina, Kat, is a character that is given much more freedom. She is a non-conformist and an outsider at her school. She is defined by her own words, I dont like to do what people expect, why should I live up to other peoples expectations instead of my own, and her actions in the English Class Scene. Kat makes references to Sylvia Plath and Charlotte Bronte, both feminist writers, and we are led to believe that Kat holds strong feminist views. The music in the film also signifies how Kat feels, for example the beginning song that has the lyrics I dont give a damn about my bad reputation. In the film Kat is also given a chance to explain the reasons for her different behaviour when she tells Bianca about her relationship with Joey. Katherina of The Taming of the Shrew is never given the chance to explain herself and her actions therefore we can conclude that it is because her society does not allow for women like herself to have an opinion. Choice is a prominent symbol of the cultures that each text reflects. In the Taming of the Shrew Katherina is forced to marry Petruchio and she is not given any choice in the matter because it is unacceptable to go against the will of ones father. The culture of the early 17th century placed strong emphasis on the respect that children must show for their parents. Although Katherina rebels against many other customs she reluctantly marries out of respect for her father. In Ten Things Kat is given the choice of going out with Patrick or not. Patrick is given money to woo Kat but he never forces her to take up his offer because, in the society that they live in, it is not acceptable. This reflects that, in the modern context, men and women have greater equality, and also that parents have little or no part in the relationships that their children build with members of the opposite sex. The fathers in each of the two texts give a very good insight into the culture of the society in their particular eras. The Ten Things father is very protective of his daughters. He is aware of the availability of drugs and alcohol in teen culture, and the probability teens retain of having sexual relations. This shows that these are all prominent issues in society in the 90s. Baptista, from the play, is a contrast to the Ten Things father. He very much desires his daughters to get married because he doesnt want to risk losing his familys good reputation. We can tell that it is normal for daughters to be married by their fathers and the father is not worried about sex, drugs or alcohol, so we can gather that these issues were not around during the Renaissance. Hence it can be concluded that the culture of the time was not exposed to such matters, and did not need to concern themselves with them. The biggest force in society at the time Ten Things was made was peer pressure, and still is. We find this out when Kat talks to Bianca about her relationship with Joey. She said everyone was doing it so I did it. We can gather that Kat was a victim of this peer pressure and her reaction was to cut herself off from all the conformists and become her own person. Kat is not the only person in society that has a feminist view, though, and this is shown at Club Skunk where her favourite band performed. Kat was not the only girl listening to the band so one can assume that Kats interests were not entirely individual. Whereas Katherina of Shakespeares play is only one voice in the male hierarchical system and she is never aware of any similar voices so her oppression in society was inevitable. In modern society, it has become normal for all teenagers to attend university. In Ten Things Kat talks about wanting to attend a University out west, something her father isnt keen on, as the western Universities are known for their better marks and overall higher intelligence. Kats desire to go against her fathers will reflects that parents and children of the 20th century were more equal than they were in the Elizabethan period. Kats thirst for knowledge and attendance at a western university highlights her strong personality as she is willing to go against her father to get what she wants. In The Taming of the Shrew an indication of a characters wealth is by the number of servants they have, the size of their property, and the positions they hold in society. This is a direct reflection on Renaissance society as many of the richest people owned a fair few servants. This is fairly similar to today and in Ten Things, the movie illustrates the Kats familys wealthiness through their large pristine house, their fathers occupation as a Doctor, and the dialogue. In Shakespeares time wealth was admired a great deal. Men would marry women because of their fathers wealth and the good deal they could close. Well off men were much respected in society. The reason for Petruchios marriage to Katherina was solely because he wanted to have a share in her wealth. In the end the audience never finds out whether Petruchio and Katherina love each other but previously they didnt so it can be assumed either way. In Ten Things not much reference is paid to the impacts your wealth had on the respect you received in society. Bowy Lowenstein, on of the computer group is not considered cool because he spends a lot of time at his computer and not socializing, yet he is very wealthy. Overall The Taming of the Shrew and Ten Things I Hate About You contain many elements that reflect the society through which they were composed. The historical, cultural, and social context of the Taming of the Shrew influenced much of the action in the play and the film appropriation gives an insight into 20th century teen culture.

Absolute Monarchs essays

Absolute Monarchs essays Throughout the 16th and 17th Century the rise of many absolute monarchs is witnessed in which the live lives of much royalty and grandeur. Luxuriousness became a mere detail to the lives, and they built palaces the size of small cities. However, some of these monarchs became so caught up in their lives of extravagance that they threw their countries into great

Free sample - Personal profiling. translation missing

Personal profiling. Personal profilingStewart, Andrew. Age: 43, a former drug addict. Dark haired, brown eyed male with an inclination to deep philosophical meditations and melancholy. The resident of a neighboring house, used to be a member of an adolescent gangster group. Accused several times of light drug possession, however was not sentenced into prison. The most significant is that he is the talented musician, plays bass guitar, can sing well. Used to play in a teen-age rock band. Had several prizes for the contribution into the fight against the blood cancer, as far as his younger sister still suffers from leucosis. In childhood used to suffer from dyslexia together with his sister. To overcome the disorder, he plunged into reading the classic literature, learning Latin, and playing hockey at the local skating rink. In childhood was quite an unsociable and self-contained, however, angel-like boy with exotic appearance. In adolescent years experienced the problems with the female sex due to his mo desty, shyness and uncertainty. Due to that was sometimes accused of homosexuality in his maturity years. Had the only one friend, with whom they shared drug affection and spent the best part of their youth years. After the friend’s death, caused by the drug overdose, became sullen and reserved. From time to time drank much and was often caught on the drinking spree. For many years he had no his own apartment, he was hiding from the entire world at his mother’s house or at hotels. The closest friends now are his mother and his ill younger sister. In addition, he is the left hander, though plays guitar with his right hand. Sometimes experience the attacks of depression and melancholy. He is not a verbose, but communicative and friendly person. Never talks badly about the people, always compliments his job partners and the leadership. This person is the workaholic in its extreme manifestation. According to the colleagues’ comments, he is considered to be the hard case of an ultimately disciplined workaholic perfectionist. He gets upset if something does not work. The point is that he likes to work and it saves him in the periods of his deepest depressions. Moreover, he always says whatever he considers to be right straightly, but really tactfully. Colleagues added that Andrew is equal to everyone, notwithstanding the fact that he possesses quite an ill temper and is strange enough. Close relatives claim him to be ultimately extreme person in relation to his major passions – motorcycles. Used to crash nearly to death, he still rides a motorcycle. He possesses three of them and has a car. This very person experienced numerous motorcycle accidents and, hence has many scars over his body. Used to get into an accident that resulted in dislocation of the cervical spine, however, he passed through the surgery successfully. According to the closest friend’s comments, he can cry without a reason or experience aggression in the case of abusing by calling him a homosexual. He is still a bachelor, though the claims of homosexuality are not warrant due to the fact that he had several beloved in his mature life. He neglects fashion, spends all money on his sister’s treatment. He does smoke, though he did not smoke while using drugs. The most significant is that Andrew managed to give up the deadly habit without any special rehabilitation. He gave up drug consumption after his friend’s death. That very moment of his life, according his own words, became the turning point and taught him a terrible lesson. However, his new addiction became speed and fast wind into the face on the motorcycle trip. He still suffers because of the sister’s disease and makes everything possible to prolong her life. He leads quite life and almost has no personal life. I believe he made an impression on the world by means of being a really extraordinary man, controversial and at the same time very diverse. He may be called a misanthrope. Nevertheless, he became an exquisite person with his own grief. I hope each of us can find something similar in our own lives; however, Andrew leads abnormal way of life. He is an example of anti stereotype and anti biased person

Compare and contrast the 7S and Mintzberg's configuration models of Assignment

Compare and contrast the 7S and Mintzberg's configuration models of organisations - Assignment Example In this paper, emphasis is given on two, quite popular, theoretical frameworks: the McKinsey 7s Framework and the configuration model of Mintzberg. The elements and the role of the particular models are critically evaluated and analyzed referring to relevant literature. Between the two models, McKinsey’s 7s Framework is simpler and more flexible, a fact that makes it easier to be used when the time available for the evaluation of business performance is limited. On the other hand, when details need to be retrieved in regard to the potential transformations of an organization so that its effectiveness is increased, then the Mintzberg configuration model, that offers a clearer view on organizational processes, would be preferred. In regard to the above, current paper would be based on the following thesis statement: McKinsey’s 7s Framework and the Mintzberg configuration model are valuable models for measuring business performance. The former refers directly to the seven factors influencing business performance while the latter uses organizational structure as an indicator of business effectiveness. 2. McKinsey 7s Framework vs Mintzberg’s configuration model 2.1 Key characteristics of the above models In order to understand the differences and similarities of the two models, it is necessary to refer primarily to their characteristics and their role within modern organizations. In addition, the elements of each of the models need to be analyzed at the level that these elements can influence the models’ performance when used within a particular market. 2.1.1 McKinsey 7s Framework The McKinsey 7s Framework is commonly used for the evaluation of business performance. The Framework was first introduced in 1980s (Witcher and Chau 2010). It was only after two years, in 1982, that ‘Peters and Waterman included this model in their book ‘In search for Excellence’’ (Witcher and Chau 2010, p.248); it was through that book that McKinsey 7s Framework become popular worldwide. The McKinsey 7s Framework is based on the following view: the performance of each organization is influenced by seven factors/ variables (Witcher and Chau 2010). When having to evaluate organizational performance these variables need to be reviewed (Witcher and Chau 2010). The variables highlighted in the particular Framework are presented in Figure 1 below. A key characteristic of McKinsey’s 7s Framework is the following: the variables on which the framework is based tend to interact on a continuous basis (Witcher and Chau 2010). This means that the performance of each of these variables influences, necessarily, the performance of other variables (Witcher and Chau 2010). In addition, changes on one or more variables will also affect other variables (Witcher and Chau 2010). The relationship between these variables is made clear in Figure 1. On the other hand, the level at which each variable influences the other variables of the framework is not standardized, depending on the conditions in the organizational environment, the availability of time for analyzing organizational behaviour and so on. Figure 1 - McKinsey 7s Framework (Source: http://gs.utcc.ac.th/ceomba/mk/0%20Mar55/add/The%20McKinsey%207S%20English.pdf) In order to

Aids in New York City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aids in New York City - Essay Example According to the paper, New York City make is among the largest cities in the United States with representation of different kinds of people. The population of New York City is made up of people who differ in different ways in terms of their race, sexual orientation, level of education and age. According to Reilly et al., people in their diversity are affected differently with this epidemic in New York City. The different effect the diseases have on different races is attributed to the different behavioral practices of these people. Since the disease was diagnosed, in New York City alone, over one hundred thousand people have died from the disease since the year 1981. As of February 2014, there were 110,736 new Yorkers who had been diagnosed with aids and presumed to be living with this infection. In the year 2013 3481, new diagnoses of these diseases were made of these: 76.6 percent of the people were men with 23.4 percent being women. 48.3 percent is made up of men who have sex w ith men, while the heterosexuals were made up of 21.4 percent. Hispanic and blacks made the larger population of people affected with aids with a percentage of 78.6 percent. Lastly, 35.1 percent of the new infections were comprised of people who are under the age of 29. 1.4 percent of new Yorkers live with aids, with the Spanish and black Americans being the most affect since they represent about 78 percent of this population. Young people rate of infection follows closely at 35.1 percent. This percentage is quite high now that these young people are more active and likely to spread the disease more than when it affected older people. Aids is a thorn that has to be dealt with accordingly in order to mitigate its effects on the disease burden and various sectors of the New York City. Its effects are far felt in all areas that work towards maintaining the great economy of the city.  

Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Resource Management - Essay Example Other large national surveys show that there are differences in both the broader attributes of health like educational attainment, lifestyle, income levels, living and working conditions and in health outcomes. There are also important differences between and within black and ethnic minority groups. This paper attempts to highlight, analyze and evaluate the prospect of using skilled, qualified and bilingual teachers to improve literacy and numeracy among black and minority ethnic groups at a primary inner city school in Sheffield with 90% BME children. This phase will focus on how the school will locate and then proceed to plan its resources (the teachers) so that they can be utilized to achieve the objectives of the school, which are to increase the rates of literacy and numeracy among black and minority ethnic groups. This stage could involve several issues and a number of methods can be used to identify potential recruits that can be incorporated into the school’s system. Identification may involve the following: The school may create a network which will be entirely dedicated to identifying and hiring teachers who have attractive attributes and credentials. This network will be allocated the necessary resources so that it can be able to perform its duties effectively in order to help achieve the objectives of the school. The network will be charged with the task of traversing different areas ranging from other schools to colleges that provide training to prospective teachers. The government is a huge source of information on the performance of various schools with specific information on the performance of individual teachers. Working closely with the government can lead to access to this type of information and as a result the school can be able to use this information to identify the teachers it thinks can help it achieve its goals and objectives. This includes

Analytical Comparison and Contrast Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical Comparison and Contrast - Coursework Example Here, the artworks, ‘The Blue Boy’, an oil painting by Thomas Gainsborough, and ‘Pinkie’, a portrait by Thomas Lawrence, are made use to compare, under the subject: Two artists’ conceptions of a single theme. Thesis statement: Analysis of similarities and differences between two Artworks to attain an inference on the same by considering the artists, the viewers, and related facts in history or society (special references to the artworks: ‘The Blue Boy’ (portrait), by Thomas Gainsborough, and ‘Pinkie’ (portrait), by Thomas Lawrence). Analysis The analysis of the artworks ‘The Blue Boy’( See appendix -1) by Thomas Gainsborough, and ‘Pinkie’( See appendix -2) , by Thomas Lawrence is based on the following factors like the artists, assessment as a viewer, and other related facts in history or society, and strictly based on similarities and differences. I. Artists A. Similarities One can easily identify a number of similarities between Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence. The following are some important similarities. First of all, the first names of the artists (Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence) are similar. Besides, both the artists made use of the same medium to express their creativity (say, oil and canvas). Both the artists were British citizens, who primarily focused in portrait painting. Within their lifetime, they were considered as noteworthy portrait painters in Europe. As pointed out, they made use of oil and canvas as their medium, which was most suitable for portrait painting. Both the artists transformed their personal interest (say, drawing/painting) into their career as painters. B. Differences There exist a number of differences between Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence. The following are some important differences. Thomas Gainsborough was born in Sudbury. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was born in Bristol. Thomas Gainsborough’s father wa s a weaver by profession, but Thomas Lawrence’s father was an inn keeper. Before becoming a landscape painter, Thomas Gainsborough was a landscape painter. James Ernest Thorpe states that â€Å"The Blue Boy was often thought of as Gainsborough’s greatest painting† (435). Later, he turned to portrait painting. But Thomas Lawrence was genuinely interested in portrait painting. Thomas Gainsborough completed the painting ‘The Blue Boy’ in the year 1770, but the portrait ‘Pinkie’ by Thomas Lawrence was completed in the year 1794. Thomas Gainsborough married Margarett Burr and had children. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was forced to be a lifelong bachelor. Besides, he was forced to lead an unhappy personal life. Thomas Gainsborough’s portrait painting helped him to keep himself away from economic problems. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was forced to face economic problems in his life. II. Assessment as a viewer A. Similariti es When one tries to assess the artworks ‘The Blue Boy’ and ‘Pinkie’, one can easily identify a number of similarities. Some of the most important similarities are pointed out below. First of all, both the works are portraits of youngsters booming with energy. The medium made use by the painters is similar, i.e. oil and canvas. Both the paintings are presently owned by The Huntington (museum/ art gallery) in California. Both the paintings are from England and are considered as best examples for portrait painting in Europe. Besides, both the artworks are considered as showpieces at The Huntington. As these portraits are exhibited in the same gallery, most of the viewers consider that these works are completed by the same painter. The position of the youngsters (models) in the portraits is helpful for the viewers to have clearer look on their faces. Both the works give

Foreign Policies on Climate Change Memorandum Essay

Foreign Policies on Climate Change Memorandum - Essay Example First, to avert the potential dangers stemming from climate change in Africa and United States, the State has created multiple agencies to fight this menace. The president tasks each agency with specific responsibilities that are related to minimizing the effects of global challenges. This is because if unchecked, temperature increase could lead to food shortage and droughts. These responsibilities feature all probable potential consequences of climate change as well as allow for the addition of the unforeseen effects. Disasters arising from climate change effects, for example, storms are usually under the direct control of FEMA. However, delegate certain disasters like the rise in sea levels fall under the Department of Security. Also, other agencies are tasked with the responsibilities constructing canals and water dam plans in arid and semi-arid parts of the continent. This proposal has the advantage that it requires little funding and few initial resources. Furthermore, it provides helpful guides should any crisis arise. What is more is that responsibilities are made clear thus averting any conflicts that might arise due to inter- agency conflicts. The conflicts could potentially lead to wastage of money time, money, and even risk lives. Secondly, Africa has been hosting climate change summit after every two years. In particular, this helps keep the subject of climate change within the public discourse. It also fosters the pressure that results from an actionable strategy for climate change.

Analytical Comparison and Contrast Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Analytical Comparison and Contrast - Coursework Example Here, the artworks, ‘The Blue Boy’, an oil painting by Thomas Gainsborough, and ‘Pinkie’, a portrait by Thomas Lawrence, are made use to compare, under the subject: Two artists’ conceptions of a single theme. Thesis statement: Analysis of similarities and differences between two Artworks to attain an inference on the same by considering the artists, the viewers, and related facts in history or society (special references to the artworks: ‘The Blue Boy’ (portrait), by Thomas Gainsborough, and ‘Pinkie’ (portrait), by Thomas Lawrence). Analysis The analysis of the artworks ‘The Blue Boy’( See appendix -1) by Thomas Gainsborough, and ‘Pinkie’( See appendix -2) , by Thomas Lawrence is based on the following factors like the artists, assessment as a viewer, and other related facts in history or society, and strictly based on similarities and differences. I. Artists A. Similarities One can easily identify a number of similarities between Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence. The following are some important similarities. First of all, the first names of the artists (Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence) are similar. Besides, both the artists made use of the same medium to express their creativity (say, oil and canvas). Both the artists were British citizens, who primarily focused in portrait painting. Within their lifetime, they were considered as noteworthy portrait painters in Europe. As pointed out, they made use of oil and canvas as their medium, which was most suitable for portrait painting. Both the artists transformed their personal interest (say, drawing/painting) into their career as painters. B. Differences There exist a number of differences between Thomas Gainsborough and Thomas Lawrence. The following are some important differences. Thomas Gainsborough was born in Sudbury. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was born in Bristol. Thomas Gainsborough’s father wa s a weaver by profession, but Thomas Lawrence’s father was an inn keeper. Before becoming a landscape painter, Thomas Gainsborough was a landscape painter. James Ernest Thorpe states that â€Å"The Blue Boy was often thought of as Gainsborough’s greatest painting† (435). Later, he turned to portrait painting. But Thomas Lawrence was genuinely interested in portrait painting. Thomas Gainsborough completed the painting ‘The Blue Boy’ in the year 1770, but the portrait ‘Pinkie’ by Thomas Lawrence was completed in the year 1794. Thomas Gainsborough married Margarett Burr and had children. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was forced to be a lifelong bachelor. Besides, he was forced to lead an unhappy personal life. Thomas Gainsborough’s portrait painting helped him to keep himself away from economic problems. On the other side, Thomas Lawrence was forced to face economic problems in his life. II. Assessment as a viewer A. Similariti es When one tries to assess the artworks ‘The Blue Boy’ and ‘Pinkie’, one can easily identify a number of similarities. Some of the most important similarities are pointed out below. First of all, both the works are portraits of youngsters booming with energy. The medium made use by the painters is similar, i.e. oil and canvas. Both the paintings are presently owned by The Huntington (museum/ art gallery) in California. Both the paintings are from England and are considered as best examples for portrait painting in Europe. Besides, both the artworks are considered as showpieces at The Huntington. As these portraits are exhibited in the same gallery, most of the viewers consider that these works are completed by the same painter. The position of the youngsters (models) in the portraits is helpful for the viewers to have clearer look on their faces. Both the works give

Project Management Unit 7 - Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Project Management Unit 7 - Assignment - Essay Example In the transportation stage, he will need information on the status of the transportation of the machines. The freighters will give this information. They will use phones and emails to communicate between them. The vendor will also communicate to the company on his progress on acquiring the machines the company requires for the installation of the system. This will be done by use of emails and personal communication with the head of the installation project with back up documents in hard copy. The engineers will need to keep in touch with the technicians in London and Baumholder. They will require information on the progress on the installations the technicians make on an hourly basis. The engineers and technicians will use teleconferencing to communicate. This will enable the engineers to communicate on small details that would not be possible with other methods of communication. They will also require the feedbacks from the testers on a daily basis during the testing stage. The engineers will provide questioners to the testers to complete. This will be done online through the use of electronic mails and phone calls. The engineers should also report on the progress of the installments to the company management through presentations and reports. They should make updates to the implementation team on a weekly basis to give the company enough time to address any emerging issue. The engineers should make the updates in hardcopy as well as in person with the head of the company’s department in charge. They will require instructions from the engineers. The technicians will also provide a detailed report on the system they assemble. The report should include all the information necessary to addressing future breakdowns or changes in the system. The report should be in hard copy, and they should deliver it to the company’s data department for storage. The department shall ensure that the purchases the vendor makes are in line with the specifications the

Understanding Management Essay Example for Free

Understanding Management Essay 1. How can you prepare yourself to become an effective manager in an increasingly uncertain and global business environment? 2. Would the task environment for a cellular phone company contain the same elements as that for a government welfare agency? Discuss. 3. What do you think are the most important forces in the external environment creating uncertainty for organizations today? Do the forces you identified typically arise in the task environment or the general environment? 4. Contemporary best-selling management books often argue that customers are the most important element in the external environment. Do you agree? In what company situations might this statement be untrue? 5. Why do you think many managers are surprised by environmental changes and hence are less able to help their organizations adapt? 6. Why are interorganizational partnerships so important for today’s companies? What elements in the current environment might contribute to either an increase or decrease in interorganizational collaboration? Discuss. 7. Many companies are â€Å"going green† or adopting environmentally friendly business strategies. Clorox, for example, now offers an eco-friendly household cleaner called Green Works. How do companies benefit from going green? 8. Cultural symbols are usually noticed through sight, sound, touch, and smell. For example, Abercrombie retail stores use music, attractive models, and fragrance to communicate elements of its retail store culture. Why are symbols important to a corporate culture? 9. Both China and India are rising economic powers. How might your approach to doing business with Communist China be different from your approach to doing business with India, the world’s most populous democracy? In which country would you expect to encounter the most rules? The most bureaucracy? 10. General Electric is famous for firing the lowest-performing 10 percent of its managers each year. With its strict no-layoff policy, Valero Energy believes people need to feel secure in their jobs to perform their best. Yet both are high-performing companies. How do you account for the success of such opposite philosophies?

How Deradicalization Impacts Terrorist Groups

How Deradicalization Impacts Terrorist Groups How can the intelligence community use deradicalization to impact the effectiveness of Hezbollah? The intelligence community is vital to building cohesive infrastructure and peaceful societies.   A deradicalization program via a mixture of elements described herein center on ideological and religious education that challenge the effectiveness of Hezbollah.   Groups that pose a significant threat include Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Al-Shabaab, Hezbollah, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).   Hezbollah is unique in that they are one of the most well developed social and community supported networks, and an official member of an organized government, i.e., Lebanese Government via â€Å"overwhelming/evolved success as a global terrorist or Shi’a defense organization and subsequent politi ­cal power in the Lebanese political system through its use of social services† (Love, 2010, p. 1). Leveraging a deradicalization program is simply one of several innovative approaches to counterterrorism.   Hezbollah is a well-funded terrorist network founded on social services.   Impacting Hezbollah requires a multi-pronged approach.   The Joint Special Operations University Report (2010) states, Hezbollah’s organizational structure, funding sources, and social service achievements provide a systemic understanding of how the organization morphed from a resistance movement into a stateless government that leverages charity to meet the needs of the neglected, oppressed, and marginalized. (p. 14) The intelligence community must recognize the reasons for radicalization while simultaneously identifying requisite funding sources before executing a deradicalization program.   A diplomatic approach depends â€Å"on preemptive intelligence gathering, the rule of law, cooperation with the media, and promotion of domestic security† (Munoz & Crosston, 2015, p. 24). The Collins Dictionary defines deradicalization as â€Å"the practice of encouraging individuals with extreme and violent religious or political ideologies to adopt views that are more moderate† (n.d.).   Johnston (2009) found key distinctions between disengagement and deradicalization. Disengagement occurs when an individual or a group no longer engages in violence or the individual no longer participates in the violent activities of the group.   Deradicalization occurs when a group or an individual no longer believes in a violent ideology. (p. 9) Understanding and appreciating the differences between disengagement and deradicalization is one-step towards the intelligence community deradicalizing Hezbollah. Deradicalization in prisons is one of only a few methods or techniques likely capable of reversing the Hezbollah radicalization process.   Diplomacy in conjunction with deradicalization may effectively counteract Hezbollah’s engagement with the Lebanese Government.   Regardless of approach, a successful deradicalization program consists of counselors, legal scholars, law enforcement officers, and members of the intelligence community.   Establishing success is not easy; there is no one size fits all as political context situates each program. The majority of individual deradicalization programs reside in prisons and include a holistic multi-agency approach.   Intelligence gathering, education, family support, and led by social services are the four common pillars that support a successful deradicalization program.   According to Price (2017), Deradicalization programs at a minimum consist of: Trained counselors capable of convincing extremists’ that terrorist activity is unfounded in a religious context.Convince extremists that their individual views are unfounded in a religious context.Treat extremists’ mental health.Extract extremists’ value system as a form of violence. Hezbollah, similar to other groups, appeals to educated and non-educated unemployed individuals.   This vulnerability causes individuals to identify with radical ideology.   Deradicalization includes vocational training, religious counseling, psychological counseling, or creative art therapy.   Vocational training is an element leveraged for incarcerated individuals to provide a path forward following release.   The educational focus could vary and harness ideological specificity.   Although education would only be a portion of a full deradicalization program, as a fundamental program principle, programs can be successful. Credible mentors previously radicalized liaise with prisoners throughout their incarceration.   Mentors establish a rapport with prisoners, as prisons are â€Å"ideal locations for the implementation of deradicalization programs due to the measures of control in a prison setting† (Johnston, 2009, p. 1).   The established relationship between mentor and prisoner allows incarcerated individuals to be honest and communicate their religious or political beliefs.   Open communication is necessary for deradicalization to occur, as imprisonment becomes a cell that facilitates radicalization. Hezbollah holds 14 seats in the Lebanese Parliament, providing Hezbollah with significant international legitimacy (Philippone, 2008).   Hezbollah’s enormous social service effort consistently outperforms the Lebanese government’s social programs.   As such, focus shifts towards commitment and sustainment of an individual’s success via one’s family and job beyond release.   The intelligence community and collaborative partners support for family members care for incarcerated individuals help increase inclusion, thus deterring individuals from returning to the terrorist organization to fulfill previous needs. As an example, the Official Irish Republican Army previously leveraged diplomacy via â€Å"building a nonviolent and class-based alliance between Protestant and Catholic working classes in Northern Ireland to undermine partition† (Henriksen, 2008, p. 23).   If diplomacy is unsuccessful, A Practitioner’s Way Forward describes influence and impact of overt public patron-client relationships, i.e., Iran supplies Hezbollah with funds, weapons, and the status that comes with the formal recognition by a powerful state.   â€Å"Hezbollah reciprocates through its allegiance to Iran’s state ideology, and its public support for Iranian policy objectives, which extends Tehran’s influence into the Levant† (Brannan, Darken, & Strindberg, 2014, p. 75). While material inducements like reduced prison sentence, housing, vehicles, etc. are appealing, deradicalization programs that rely predominantly on these inducements are the least successful.   According to a Global Counterterrorism Forum memorandum, â€Å"although terrorists should be appropriately punished, the criminal justice system should provide for their deradicalization and reintegration into society† (n.d., p. 2). A deradicalization process cannot follow a set script, nor can it be the same for all individuals going through it.   Success depends on the availability of adequate funding, reform within the prison structure, incorporation of cultural norms, provision of monetary support to families of detainees, and follow through with after-care programs (Johnston, 2009, p. 61).   This approach consists of a rehabilitation-focused deradicalization. An effective deradicalization program for Hezbollah incorporates aforementioned elements before, during, and after incarceration for societal integration.   Such a diplomatic method â€Å"builds on victories achieved over the short, medium, and long-term, designed to wear down the resolve of the enemy and to develop fully functional societies with an actively included citizenry† (Munoz, 2015, p. 24).   Deradicalization programs must be unique to a group’s strengths and weakness, and the intelligence community must be able to adapt and make changes as necessary to prevent recidivism. References Brannan,  D., Darken,  K., & Strindberg,  A. (2014). A practitioners way forward. Salinas, CA: Agile Press. Definition of deradicalization. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/deradicalization Global Counterterrorism Forum. (n.d.). Retrieved on April 14, 2018, from https://www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/Documents/Framework%20Documents/A/GCTF-Rome-Memorandum-ENG.pdf Henriksen, T. (2008). What Really Happened in Northern Ireland’s Counterinsurgency: Revision Revelation. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=692814 Johnston, A. (2009).   Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs on islamist extremists. (Master’s thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29447 Love, J. (2010, June). Hezbollah: Social services as a source of power. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2010/1006_jsou-report-10-5.pdf Munoz, M. J., & Crosston, M. (2015). Diplomatic Counterterrorist Deterrence. Air & Space Power Journal, 29(4), 15-26. Retrieved from http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-29_Issue-4/F-Munzo_Crosston.pdf Philippone, D. (2008). Hezbollah: The network and its support systems. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA483483 Price, M. (2017, May 26). Can terrorists be deradicalized. Science. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/can-terrorists-be-deradicalized Students who reviewed my DRAFT include: Ally ArtsKarl BeckettBrianna Goode to impact the effectiveness of Hezbollah? The intelligence community is vital to building cohesive infrastructure and peaceful societies.  A deradicalization program via a mixture of elements described herein center on ideological and religious education that challenge the effectiveness of Hezbollah.  Groups that pose a significant threat include Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS), Al-Shabaab, Hezbollah, and the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC).  Hezbollah is unique in that they are one of the most well developed social and community supported networks, and an official member of an organized government, i.e., Lebanese Government via â€Å"overwhelming/evolved success as a global terrorist or Shi’a defense organization and subsequent political power in the Lebanese political system through its use of social services† (Love, 2010, p. 1). Leveraging a deradicalization program is simply one of several innovative approaches to counterterrorism.  Hezbollah is a well-funded terrorist network founded on social services.  Impacting Hezbollah requires a multi-pronged approach.  The Joint Special Operations University Report (2010) states, Hezbollah’s organizational structure, funding sources, and social service achievements provide a systemic understanding of how the organization morphed from a resistance movement into a stateless government that leverages charity to meet the needs of the neglected, oppressed, and marginalized. (p. 14) The intelligence community must recognize the reasons for radicalization while simultaneously identifying requisite funding sources before executing a deradicalization program.  A diplomatic approach depends â€Å"on preemptive intelligence gathering, the rule of law, cooperation with the media, and promotion of domestic security† (Munoz & Crosston, 2015, p. 24). The Collins Dictionary defines deradicalization as â€Å"the practice of encouraging individuals with extreme and violent religious or political ideologies to adopt views that are more moderate† (n.d.).  Johnston (2009) found key distinctions between disengagement and deradicalization. Disengagement occurs when an individual or a group no longer engages in violence or the individual no longer participates in the violent activities of the group.  Deradicalization occurs when a group or an individual no longer believes in a violent ideology. (p. 9) Understanding and appreciating the differences between disengagement and deradicalization is one-step towards the intelligence community deradicalizing Hezbollah. Deradicalization in prisons is one of only a few methods or techniques likely capable of reversing the Hezbollah radicalization process.  Diplomacy in conjunction with deradicalization may effectively counteract Hezbollah’s engagement with the Lebanese Government.  Regardless of approach, a successful deradicalization program consists of counselors, legal scholars, law enforcement officers, and members of the intelligence community.  Establishing success is not easy; there is no one size fits all as political context situates each program. The majority of individual deradicalization programs reside in prisons and include a holistic multi-agency approach.  Intelligence gathering, education, family support, and led by social services are the four common pillars that support a successful deradicalization program.  According to Price (2017), Deradicalization programs at a minimum consist of: Trained counselors capable of convincing extremists’ that terrorist activity is unfounded in a religious context.Convince extremists that their individual views are unfounded in a religious context.Treat extremists’ mental health.Extract extremists’ value system as a form of violence. Hezbollah, similar to other groups, appeals to educated and non-educated unemployed individuals.  This vulnerability causes individuals to identify with radical ideology.  Deradicalization includes vocational training, religious counseling, psychological counseling, or creative art therapy.  Vocational training is an element leveraged for incarcerated individuals to provide a path forward following release.  The educational focus could vary and harness ideological specificity.  Although education would only be a portion of a full deradicalization program, as a fundamental program principle, programs can be successful. Credible mentors previously radicalized liaise with prisoners throughout their incarceration.  Mentors establish a rapport with prisoners, as prisons are â€Å"ideal locations for the implementation of deradicalization programs due to the measures of control in a prison setting† (Johnston, 2009, p. 1).  The established relationship between mentor and prisoner allows incarcerated individuals to be honest and communicate their religious or political beliefs.  Open communication is necessary for deradicalization to occur, as imprisonment becomes a cell that facilitates radicalization. Hezbollah holds 14 seats in the Lebanese Parliament, providing Hezbollah with significant international legitimacy (Philippone, 2008).  Hezbollah’s enormous social service effort consistently outperforms the Lebanese government’s social programs.  As such, focus shifts towards commitment and sustainment of an individual’s success via one’s family and job beyond release.  The intelligence community and collaborative partners support for family members care for incarcerated individuals help increase inclusion, thus deterring individuals from returning to the terrorist organization to fulfill previous needs. As an example, the Official Irish Republican Army previously leveraged diplomacy via â€Å"building a nonviolent and class-based alliance between Protestant and Catholic working classes in Northern Ireland to undermine partition† (Henriksen, 2008, p. 23).  If diplomacy is unsuccessful, A Practitioner’s Way Forward describes influence and impact of overt public patron-client relationships, i.e., Iran supplies Hezbollah with funds, weapons, and the status that comes with the formal recognition by a powerful state.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hezbollah reciprocates through its allegiance to Iran’s state ideology, and its public support for Iranian policy objectives, which extends Tehran’s influence into the Levant† (Brannan, Darken, & Strindberg, 2014, p. 75). While material inducements like reduced prison sentence, housing, vehicles, etc. are appealing, deradicalization programs that rely predominantly on these inducements are the least successful. According to a Global Counterterrorism Forum memorandum, â€Å"although terrorists should be appropriately punished, the criminal justice system should provide for their deradicalization and reintegration into society† (n.d., p. 2). A deradicalization process cannot follow a set script, nor can it be the same for all individuals going through it.  Success depends on the availability of adequate funding, reform within the prison structure, incorporation of cultural norms, provision of monetary support to families of detainees, and follow through with after-care programs (Johnston, 2009, p. 61).  This approach consists of a rehabilitation-focused deradicalization. An effective deradicalization program for Hezbollah incorporates aforementioned elements before, during, and after incarceration for societal integration. Such a diplomatic method â€Å"builds on victories achieved over the short, medium, and long-term, designed to wear down the resolve of the enemy and to develop fully functional societies with an actively included citizenry† (Munoz, 2015, p. 24).  Deradicalization programs must be unique to a group’s strengths and weakness, and the intelligence community must be able to adapt and make changes as necessary to prevent recidivism. References Brannan,  D., Darken,  K., & Strindberg,  A. (2014). A practitioners way forward. Salinas, CA: Agile Press. Definition of deradicalization. (n.d.). Retrieved April 13, 2018, from https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/deradicalization Global Counterterrorism Forum. (n.d.). Retrieved on April 14, 2018, from https://www.thegctf.org/Portals/1/Documents/Framework%20Documents/A/GCTF-Rome-Memorandum-ENG.pdf Henriksen, T. (2008). What Really Happened in Northern Ireland’s Counterinsurgency: Revision Revelation. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=692814 Johnston, A. (2009). Assessing the effectiveness of deradicalization programs on islamist extremists. (Master’s thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from https://www.hsdl.org/?view&did=29447 Love, J. (2010, June). Hezbollah: Social services as a source of power. Joint Special Operations University Report. Retrieved from https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2010/1006_jsou-report-10-5.pdf Munoz, M. J., & Crosston, M. (2015). Diplomatic Counterterrorist Deterrence. Air & Space Power Journal, 29(4), 15-26. Retrieved from http://www.airuniversity.af.mil/Portals/10/ASPJ/journals/Volume-29_Issue-4/F-Munzo_Crosston.pdf Philippone, D. (2008). Hezbollah: The network and its support systems. (Masters thesis). Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. Retrieved from http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA483483 Price, M. (2017, May 26). Can terrorists be deradicalized. Science. Retrieved from http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/05/can-terrorists-be-deradicalized

The Future of Cell Phones :: Expository Essays Research Papers

The Future of Cell Phones We have seen the cell phone evolve from a big bulky cumbersome piece of equipment into a sleek small compact device. You can now pick different ring tones for your phone and can change the appearance. Right now you can even access the Internet. Even though it seems like we have seen it all, cell phones are still getting better. Just recently released were the new phones that can take pictures. Not only can you take pictures but you can also send them. However these phones were just released and are going to be very expensive. The Technology is constantly improving and it seems like no matter what type of phone you get a newer model will outdate it. A company in London, the name of it is Eleksen, has created something they call "intelligent fabrics" that can electronically sense a finger's touch and recognize the amount of pressure applied to it (16). You may be wondering, "What is this going to do for cell phones?" Well Erik Fok, who works for Eleksen, says that he hopes that the fabric will herald a new generation of lightweight cell phones that can be controlled with a squeeze of the hand or the glide of a finger (16). Can you imagine that? A cell phone that can be scrunched, folded, or shoved into your pocket. It may seem far away but believe me it will be marketed in a matter of years. Have you ever bought a calling card? Well in the future you may be able to buy disposable cell phones. That's right disposable. These phones, invented by Randi Altschul, will be made out of paper and of course will be recyclable (17). The phone is expected to be available soon and can be purchased for twenty dollars for sixty minutes of talk time (17). There is another inventor that has gone one step beyond this. Victor Chu, a fashion technologist in New York, wants to develop a biodegradable casing for prepaid phones that contains flower seeds and can be planted once the phone runs out of credit (16). I'll have to see that to believe it! Many people are predicting that cell phones will do so much more than voice communication in the future. They will hold keys to bank accounts and be used as remote controls to unlock doors to our house or car.

Psychodynamic Counselling Concept Essay

In this essay I mainly discuss the theory and concepts behind psychodynamic counselling, followed by brief discussions of the practice and skills involved in working as a psychodynamic counsellor, and the client’s experience of counselling. Theory/concepts Psychodynamic counselling is mainly concerned with unconscious processes; it takes for granted that humans possess a largely unconscious inner world. Freud argued that while the conscious mind is governed by logic, the unconscious mind is not, and functions in a very literal way, motivated only to experience pleasure, unable to delay gratification. Although Psychodynamic counselling works with the conscious mind, it mainly focuses on unconscious processes. We have key figures in our lives – e.g. parents, carers, and partners – are referred to as ‘objects’, and relationships with them termed ‘object relationships’. The phrase ‘object’ refers to the Freudian concept of the target, or object of the instinct. Object relationships embody not only actual relationships but also the ways that the conscious mind distorts them. The unconscious is viewed as dynamic and purposeful, having huge impact on emotions and behaviour. Psychodynamic theory posits that humans are driven by a need to remain unaware of uncomfortable truths that emerge from the unconscious, experiencing many conflicting needs and demands, e.g. between one’s own wishes and those of others. To deal with conflicts people develop ‘defences’, these include ‘repression’, a form of forgetting, ‘denial’, claiming that something is not upsetting when really it is, and ‘rationalisation’, where a story is created to account for that which feels uncomfortable. ‘Projection’ involves attributing to others characteristics unacceptable to the self, making assumptions about them based on the need to avoid threat. Psychodynamic counselling encourages the client to recognise and accept the troubling attribute, a process called ‘reintrojection’. To engage in projection a defence mechanism called, ‘splitting’, is used when one is finding it too  threatening to accept two opposing traits, such as being capable of both love and hate. It is natural to develop defences, but problems come with their overuse, e.g. using denial so often that problems are not faced. Applying defences too rigidly causes difficulties, and it’s when they start to disintegrate that individuals might seek counselling. Psychodynamic counselling holds that psychological symptoms emerge from the inner world. e.g., developmental problems or conflict may lead to anxiety or self-harm. The psychodynamic approach seeks to address these issues at their roots, as well as alleviating symptoms. Psychodynamic counselling is based on developmental theory, and asserts that childhood experiences affect adult personality. It is understood that episodic memory is physically unavailable to children under three, but that implicit memory and body memory function from an earlier age. Neuroscience now supports the concept that early emotional experiences influence brain development; the psychodynamic approach posits that the client-counsellor relationship is crucial to the process of change. This is considered in terms of three concepts, the first being transference: â€Å"All those impulses experienced by the patient in relation with the analyst which are not newly created by the objective analytic situation but have their source in early – indeed, the very earliest – object relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . The counsellor may become aware of feelings in him/herself indicating issues that the client is unable to express; this is ‘counter transference’. The ‘real relationship’ is that which is free of the previous two dynamics. Within the client-counsellor relationship, elements of the client’s inner world can be revealed and become available for healing (Howard, 2011, p.22-25) Practice/skills Psychodynamic counselling employs a number of basic skills that are common to other approaches. It shares the core values of the Rogerian approach: empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. The ability to listen is of course crucial. Summarising and reflecting back to the client what s/he has said are necessary skills, as well as being able to say things that the client will find difficult to hear. The following are skills specific to Psychodynamic counselling; Gaining informed consent involves informing the client of the nature, risks and benefits of counselling at the appropriate time; not so soon as to scare him/her away, but in good time. For this purpose it is advisable for the counsellor to be aware of when the assessment phase is concluding, as this is the best time to invite informed consent. The counsellor’s attention to the client is one element that facilitates change. The counsellor must alternate between close listening to the client and attention to how s/he will respond, alert to transference and counter transference. To be aware of both the conscious and unconscious elements of the client’s communication, the counsellor must practice ‘evenly suspended attention’. The counsellor must listen to unconscious communication as well as the explicit information the client is presenting. This includes being able to consider why the client is behaving and speaking as they are, linking this to issues arising in transference, and being able to raise such issues with the client. The counsellor will also make interpretations based on ‘extra transference’ – grasping connections between events, thoughts and behaviour unrelated to the client-counsellor relationship. The client’s experience Initially a client experiences the formal behaviour of the counsellor, sessions have boundaries of time, space, and confidentiality and these factors contribute to a sense of safety and predictability. The client should come to feel ‘held’ by the counselling experience, enabling him/her to feel able to explore painful issues and memories: â€Å"a safe space to lower one’s defences, be vulnerable and be held together.† Receiving a counsellor’s undivided attention contributes to this; Dibs In Search of Self illustrates an emotionally deprived child’s first experiences of undivided and non-judgemental attention, enabling him to blossom in self-discovery. A client goes through a process of developing informed consent, the transference relationship begins once enough trust is established, as it may be experienced as threatening. The client develops an attachment to the counsellor as someone who can help and care for them, and thus may become fearful both of their own needs and of being let down .The ending of the relationship can be painful for the client, and the counsellor should allow plenty of time to deal with issues around this. In conclusion, psychodynamic counselling functions to bring to awareness of the unconscious processes that govern the client’s inner life. A variety of practices are employed in order to supply a client with a sense of security as well as a source of challenge in order to facilitate positive change. References AXLINE, V. M., 1990. Dibs, In Search of Self. London: Penguin FREUD, A., 1937. The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defence. London: Hogarth HOWARD, S., 2011. Psychodynamic Counselling in a Nutshell. 2nd edition. London: Sage. HOWE, D., 1993. On Being a Client. London: Sage

The Acquisition Team

The Acquisition Team is an information-based organization that is composed of more specialists than in the traditional command-and-control organization. Members of an acquisition team consist of multi-organizational as well as cross-functional, i. e. contractors, suppliers, acquisition professionals (Engelbeck, 2002). The focus of this paper is to present the students selection of a business opportunity offered by the Department of Energy and found at http://www. fbo. org/. This student will analyse the posting and then â€Å"reverse engineer† the notice to create the ideal agency’s acquisition team that could have prepared this solicitation. This student will also cite and summarize the FAR provisions for the formation of the acquisition team, describe the nature and specifications of the project, identify every area of expertise needed on the acquisition team, using the â€Å"Bodies of Knowledge† diagram in Engelbeck, Chapter 2, as a basis, and justify the involvement of each team member by describing his or her specific contribution to the solicitation/ request for proposal and later steps of the procurement process. Finally, the student will describe the steps to follow and ensure that the solicitation notice is complete, clear, and accurate before submitting it for posting on the FedBizOpps. gov Website. FAR Provisions for the formation of the acquisition team. The dissemination of Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in 1984 replicated the Congress' intention to create a structure that was uniform for Executive Branch federal contracting. Prior to the introduction of the FAR, civilian agencies and the defence services had different and self owned set of regulations. The FAR is codified at Title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations. It consists of regulations and rules as articulated by the United States federal government that governs the procurement processes for the government. The FAR contains the standardized procedures and policies for acquisitions by any and all federal government agencies. After the circulation of the FAR, the standardization goal was destabilized by the diverse agency-specific supplements (Vacketta, 1999). The FAR enforces the implementation of nearly every decision-making plan related to procurement. It is also within the FAR mandate to accomplish every stage of the process of acquisition. FAR 1. 102 (d) stipulates that: The function of every member of the Acquisition Team is to ensure the exercise of individual initiative and effective business decision while providing the best value product and service that meet the needs of the customers (Acquipedia, 2012). It further explains the scope and procedure of the acquisition team. This consists of the federal government team members responsible for integration tasks constraint and contracting negotiations including the requiring activity, the paying agent team, the contracting officer, financial management and others. Summary of the FAR Provisions for Acquisition Team Opportunity: Supply of Silicon Drift Detector Summary of Opportunity Opportunity is typically defined as the occasion and time that present favourable circumstance to attain precise goals. The details of opportunity identified on http://www. fbo. org/ are as presented below: a. Opportunity title / project location: Supply of Silicon Drift Detector b. Solicitation Number: RC238923 c. Agency: Department of Energy d. Office: Brookhaven National Laboratory (DOE Contractor) e. [Office] Location: Brookhaven f. URL: https://www. fbo. gov/? s=opportunity&mode=form&id=a95ff19f0cbf7a7448fbd5503527130b&tab=core&_cview=0 Nature and Specifications of the Project This is a short-term project in which a federal government body requires the supply of Silicon Drift Detectors. The Contractor is required to deliver 1 Silicon Drift Detector to the US Department of Energy. The project requires fixed pricing terms. The Silicon Drift Detector should be delivered within 180 days upon the signing of the contract at the Department of Energy office, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven. The timings are required to be identified by the COR Feb 01, 2013 11:59 pm Eastern: Provision 333 — Machinery Manufacturing/333999 — All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing, many others as stipulated in AMS – Form – 010, rev. 5, should be considered for the entire process involved in the solicitation and acquisition. Technical specifications of the Hitachi Vortex Silicon Drift Detectors are that it must have a cylindrical Snout. The length of the snout should be 638 millimetres. The detector must be Ultra High Vacuum compatible with active detection area of not less than 500mm2. The unit must be usable indoor/outdoor with 12. 5 ?m window. The detector must operate with power supplies operating at 220-240 volts. Area of Expertise Required The â€Å"bodies of knowledge†, for this project consists of contracting, finance, engineering, logistics, legal, test and evaluation and cost estimates as identified by Engelbeck (2002). The areas of expertise are as outlined below: Contracting expertise will be required since it will facilitate the selection process of a contractor or vendor of Silicon Drift Detectors. The expertise includes communication skills that will enhance the process of dealing with the customer and the supplier. This will help develop trust among the acquisition team. The drafting of the contract will become easy relative to the project priorities. Risk allocation will be easily identified in managing beforehand to make the deal successful. Financial expertise will be required for the project in establishing the financing terms and budgets related to the project. This expertise will facilitate the valuation of the project for the valuable price to be considered for solicitation. Engineering expertise will be required since it will facilitate the classification of technical stipulations required for the project at hand. References for at least three successfully-manufactured, assembled, tested and delivered single-element detectors with similar complexities as the quoted product must be provided. Logistics is a central part of the project since it specifies the items and timings for the project delivery. It will also facilitate the control of the inventory and related costs to be effective in controlling extra costs. Any project under FAR should be incorporated to the law governing the situation hence Legal considerations will be critical as the terms and conditions must be aligned to FAR. Test and evaluation are as important as any other consideration because failure to create standards for the project will make it impossible to create effectiveness in the project. Evaluation is important to be considered as it will facilitate the future course of actions. Cost estimates are critical as they present the bottom-line of project. All the financials related to this project are based on cost estimates. The cost estimates are an underlying factor to the evaluation of the quality standards. Involvement of Team Members Contemporary, the integration of team members is fundamental to acquire the quoted product with the required specifications to effectively complete the processes and projects on time. The contribution of each member in the team will create synergy. Their presence during the project will act as a positive energy for team success. The involvement of each team member is based on their area of expertise: The end user is the definitive team member. In this case, the end user is the staff at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The staffs represent the Department of Energy which offers valuable resource for the Silicon Drift Detectors being procured. The Program Manager will make sure that the ensuing agreement meets the long- and short-range requirements of the project’s mission and that the design produce the intended results. The contracting officers will make sure that all contract activities comply with relevant laws, regulations, executive orders, and other applicable measures including approvals and clearances. Financial managers will ensure the provision of information needed by the team to make decisions on the amount of money available. The legal counsel will ensure continuous provision of guidance related to legal compliance and interpretation of regulations and laws. All team members will provide necessary and continuous support throughout the project lifecycle. Steps for Solicitation Completion There are a number of steps that will be applied to make sure that the solicitation notice is clear, complete, and accurate prior to submission for posting on the FedBizOpps. gov Website. Prior to finalization of the draft solicitation, the officer in charge of contracting may issue a draft solicitation to obtain questions and comments from a group of potential (but not eligible) candidates before releasing the final solicitation. This will help to better refine the solicitation and clarify any vagueness. Posting the draft solicitation will allow exchange with industry in the form of questions, suggestions, corrections and comments that can improve the final solicitation. The contracting officer will also make a request for a review of the draft solicitation by the counsel and project officer in harmony with procedures prior to release. Upon review, the contracting officers should then seek and obtain the concluding approval from the agency leadership (Gouder, 2007).