Pomona College Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores

Pomona College is a private liberal arts college with an acceptance rate of 8%. Located 30 miles from Los Angeles, Pomonas 50-acre campus is in the heart of  The Claremont Colleges, a consortium of five undergraduate colleges and two graduate universities. Students at Pomona share facilities and can cross-register for classes at colleges in the consortium including  Scripps College,  Claremont-McKenna College,  Harvey Mudd College, and  Pitzer College. Pomona has an 8-to-1  student/faculty ratio, a diverse student body, and strong liberal arts credentials that earned it a chapter of  Phi Beta Kappa.   Considering applying to this highly selective school? Here are the Pomona College admissions statistics you should know. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Pomona College had an acceptance rate of 8%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 8 students were admitted, making Pomonas admissions process highly competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 10,245 Percent Admitted 8% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 53% SAT Scores and Requirements Pomona College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 62% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 700 760 Math 700 780 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Pomonas admitted students fall within the top 7% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to Pomona scored between 700 and 760, while 25% scored below 700 and 25% scored above 760. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 700 and 780, while 25% scored below 700 and 25% scored above 780. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1540 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Pomona. Requirements Pomona College does not require the SAT writing section. Note that Pomona participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. SAT Subject tests are not required for most applicants. Note that SAT Subject tests or AP exams are recommended, but not required, for home-schooled applicants. ACT Scores and Requirements Pomona College requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 57% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 34 36 Math 29 34 Composite 31 34 This admissions data tells us that most of Pomonas admitted students fall within the top 5% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to Pomona received a composite ACT score between 31and 34, while 25% scored above 34 and 25% scored below 31. Requirements Pomona does not require the ACT writing section. Unlike many schools, Pomona superscores ACT results; your highest subscores from multiple ACT sittings will be considered. GPA Pomona College does not provide data about admitted students high school GPAs. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Pomona College Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Pomona College. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Pomona College, one of the countrys  most selective colleges, has a highly competitive admissions pool with a low acceptance rate and high average SAT/ACT scores. However, Pomona has a  holistic admissions  process involving other factors beyond your grades and test scores. A strong  application essay  and glowing  letters of recommendation  can strengthen your application, as can participation in meaningful  extracurricular activities  and a  rigorous course schedule. Students with particularly compelling stories or achievements can still receive serious consideration even if their test scores are outside Pomonas average range. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that most students who got into Pomona had an A average, SAT scores (ERWM) above 1350, and ACT composite scores above 29. Your chances will be significantly better with grades and test scores above these lower numbers. If youre applying to Pomona College, you should  consider the school a reach  even if you have exceptional grades and standardized test scores. The graph above illustrates why. Many students with unweighted A averages and extremely high standardized test scores were still rejected by Pomona. If You Like Pomona College, You May Also Like These Schools Claremont-McKenna CollegeStanford UniversityHarvey Mudd CollegeDuke UniversityOccidental CollegePrinceton UniversitySwarthmore College All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Pomona College Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Hrm Practices Human Resource Management - 1376 Words

HRM Practices Introduction One of the biggest challenges that can adversely impact any organization is the lack of communication. This is because employees will feel alienated and it creates a culture of divisiveness with management. In the case of Phar Med International, the firm is facing considerable challenges between the US and French divisions. They are supposed to be collaborating with each other to improve their drug safety protocol. This is a data reporting system called Vigilance. The project began two years ago after PharmCo and ValMed agreed to merge. The problem is that the both organizations have a completely different management structures and culture. This is leading to conflicts among the French and American teams about how to move forward with the rollout of Vigilance. At the heart of these issues, is the fact that communication has broken down and the firm is facing considerable challenges in the improving coordination and collaboration. To address these issues requires examinin g their human resource management (i.e. HRM) practices. This will be accomplished by looking at how communication issues are creating these challenges. Together, these different elements will offer an effective evaluating of the firm’s policies and practices. How the Policies and Practices are influenced by Communication A major challenge all organizations will face is having effective communication. This is because there are numerous working parts that must coordinate withShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management ( Hrm ) Practices1053 Words   |  5 Pagesonly to familiarize ourselves with a list of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices, but to develop a critical and rational mind-set to analyse how these practices and policies affect intrinsically the competitive advantage of firms (Huselid, 1995), and how they can foster performance, development and commitment of our most irreplaceable asset, human resources (Wright, et al, 2003). The challenge of examining Human Resource Management (HRM) practices across countries provides further understandingRead MoreO How Human Resource Management Has Developed in the Past Few Years to Become an Integral Part of Our Organizations?854 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion: How Human Resource Management has developed in the past few years to become an integral part of our organizations? Major Field of Study: Human Resource Management. Human Resource Management has developed in the past few years to become an integral part of our organization. According to Armstrong, Michael (2006), â€Å"The terms Human Resource Management (HRM) and human resources (HR) have largely replaced the term personnel management (PM) as a descriptionRead MoreThe Importance of Human Resource Management Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesArmstrong (2006) defined Human Resource Management as a strategic deployment of an organisations most valued assets; the people working there, who individually and collectively contribute to the achievements and the objectives of the business. Links between HRM and performance are predominantly focused on the following practices: sophisticated selection and recruitment methods, training, teamwork, performance-related pay and employment security (Wall, Wood, 2005). Products can be copied, methodsRead MoreEmployee Turnover Retention And Its Impact On Human Resource Practices1541 Words   |  7 Pagesturno ver rate can be reduced. Human Resources Management (HRM) suggests that managerial procedures are strengthening the relationship between the employees commitment towards organization and make it easy to understand the objectives along with mission. HRM practices and organization execution are the one that directs the employees and determine their intentions for turnover rate. Thesis Statement: Employee turnover retention; the impact of human resource practices Terms: Employee turnover retentionRead MoreImpact Of Hrm Practices On Employee Performance Essay883 Words   |  4 Pagesentitled:† Impact of HRM Practices on Employee’s Performance† The study main objective was to determine the impact of HRM Practices on employee’s performance in the Textile Industry of Pakistan. The results showed a positive relationship. Study by (Ilhaamie,2015) entitled: Islamic human resource practices and organizational performance: some findings in a developing country. The study showed some significant and positive relationships between Islamic human resource practices and organizationalRead MoreHuman Resource Management Influence Organizational Outcomes1314 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Human Resource Management influence Organizational Outcomes? A Meta-Analytic investigation of Mediating Based on the Best-Practice model, a meta-analysis was conducted in order to examine the impacts of the three dimensions of Human Resource Systems which includes enhancement of skill, motivation and opportunity on both proximal and distal outcomes of an organization. The results indicate that skill-enhancing practices were more positively related to human capital and less positively relatedRead MoreConcept and Origin of Human Resource Management1869 Words   |  7 Pages HRM Practice The concept and origin of HRM Experts have acknowledged that HRM is an inherent part of management, which is connected to an organizations human resource. It aims at maintaining better human relations in the organizations development, application, and evaluation of policies. This includes procedures and programs that relate to human resource to optimize their contribution in their quest for organizational goals. Concisely, human resource management deals with achieving betterRead Moreâ€Å"Critically Assess the View That Human Resource Management Practices Should Be Designed to Fit the Business Strategies and Objectives†Ã¢â‚¬Æ'1310 Words   |  6 Pagesassess the view that human resource management practices should be designed to fit the business strategies and objectives†Ã¢â‚¬Æ' Dynamism is increasingly becoming a feature of the business environment, so what can businesses do to attain and sustain a competitive advantage? They need to set out clear goals and objectives and then ensure that all internal processes and activities are designed in a manner to attain these goals and objectives. Furthermore, some of these practices should be linked directlyRead MorePractices Of Human Resource Management1544 Words   |  7 PagesPractices of Human Resource Management contribute to managing sustainability (corporate social responsibility) in the post bureaucratic era The emergence of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has been a new movement within the past fifty years, created in order to assign greater corporate responsibilities to businesses (Carroll, 1993). From business models making the switch between bureaucratic to post-bureaucratic constructs, the perception of a business organization is the ‘creation of society’Read MoreHrm and Ir1533 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction â€Å"Human Resources Management† and â€Å"Industrial relations† has different concepts about the determination and functions of the both spheres. The essay deliberates the comparison and contrast on the key features of Human Resource Management and Industrial Relations in academic fields. Definitions of terms HRM and IR will be identified through the review of the origin and development of these two areas. Moreover, I have pointed out the theoretical scope of the two subjects and key features

Apple Case Study

Question: Discuss about theApple Case Study. Answer: Deliberate vs. Emergent Strategic Development Process Deliberate strategic development process can be defined as a strategy where all the visions, objectives and intentions were taken in collective manner and are treated on a broader basis and then communicated to employees in detail within the organization to understand and also analyze the results (bodwell and chermack, 2010). On the other hand, emergent strategy is one where there is constant rise in the action of any company over a period of time even if there is adoption of explicitly intended actions and perfect example for this is when nature directly imposes an action and pattern on an organization. There was never any consensus about the approaches and which one is better than the other since each approach comes with its own set of advantages and disadvantages (bodwell and chermack, 2010). The scopes of operations are the key that decides different factors for the adopted strategies. Like for example, number of financial institution have very little choice however they also ada pt many deliberate strategies. The emergent strategy example is walmart where the focus has been on how the managers respond to the problems with the market place or technology. The deliberate strategy is mintzberg. In the end, determination should be considered as one of the most suitable strategy which is formulated for the management of the organization. In order to adopt deliberate set of strategies like planned strategies or imposed, it is possible that these approaches are implemented with the benefit of clarity of aim as opposed to emergent strategies where the main aim or intention is not clear. World bank for example is a financial institution and being a financial institution, the firm is entrusted with a lot of public funds which it make even more crucial to have a clear direction which is carefully communicated, planned and implemented with little room for change (wiesner and millett, 2012). This is done to achieve specific results which are based on customer satisfactio n, profitability and efficiency. With globalization and internationalization of businesses over the years, have some room for emergent strategies have become important. The financial and technological system is extremely dynamic by nature and at the same time it is fluid and very unpredictable. Therefore for companies like apple, where there is change in technology after every few months sometime days, there is a scope of many unforeseen events that may emerge and force companies to operate in the space to make all important adjustments which is aligned with present ground realities. Balance Scorecard Balance scorecard can be defined as a management system and strategic planning that is used a lot in business and government, and ngo worldwide that align companies to the strategy and vision of the company, also improve external and internal communication and supervise companies performance against any objectives (tayler, 2010). The concept was introduced by drs robert kaplan and david norton. The concept was considered as a performance measurement foundation that adds strategic different kind of measures for non-financial to traditional financial metrics. It is a tool for managers and the concept was coined in 1990s and the foundation of this concept is constructed deep down. The concept was applied on the general electric to test their performance with evaluation of the work of french process engineers in their early part of twentieth century (tayler, 2010). Selection of metrics is one of the most serious parts of whole process. So when metric is settled or fixed, it has an imprimatur from organizational point of view. If the company is limited to four to eight metrics from every perspectives and it is also important to make right choice. The company and the manager must decide that what should be included in the scorecard. This whole process requires a lot of disciplines from employees and the management. The company has managed to build an efficient and effective innovation based system in order to harness or based the whole creativity on its people and at the same time, stimulate new and innovative ideas that in totality can be streamlined with the whole design process and also successfully launch a profitable and new kind of innovations. How Innovative is Apple? Apple is a well-known company and is always considered as the number one innovation company all across the world. The innovation strategy adopted by the company consist of amazing new products and at the same time an innovative business models. The company has the capacity to deliver customer with the succession of presents that are great software that is placed in a beautiful hardware packaging (cusumano, 2010). The company is also considered as a pioneer of new business spaces and it helps in creating new niches in market. The company can create a game changing innovation like ipod, iphone and ipad and many more. As discussed the company is considered as a innovative leader in the world since the platform then have created and the pipelines that the company have build is pushing the pace of innovation to a new level. It is also important to understand that systemic innovation is actually a heart of the success of the company. Apple works across all kinds of traditional industry whe re all the efforts are directed for creating a successful innovative and eco friendly product. The company is in software, hardware, entertainment and logistics that have mastered different parts in these industries (gassmann et al., 2010). The app store for example, is worlds largest collection of applications for mobile. It offers hundred and thousands of ways to manufacture iphone in a more efficient manner. Steve Jobs as a Leader Steve jobs was the cofounder of apple and established it in 1976 and from there on built it in one of the most valuable company in the world. He is one person who showed the capacity to change seven industries animation, personal computing, music, movies, tablets, retail stores and digital publishing. Therefore, he is considered as one of the biggest innovators in the world. The complete essence of this person was his personality that was an integral part of his way of working (isaacson, 2012). He applied some normal rules and had the passion, intensity and at the same time extreme level of emotionalism that he brought to everyday life. He always believed in looking into the results and analyzing them and also getting the best people for the company and retaining them for a long period of time to get amazing things done (isaacson, 2012). Recommendations Following are the recommendations: - It is important to follow the path that steve jobs has set for the company and has its strategy for product on place at least for some time and slowly create a niche for themselves in the market. In many parts, apple still feels the same as it did when steve jobs was alive since the product is the same offered at same price (goldfayn, 2012). The company still believes in having a clear focus and simplicity on place. However, somewhere down the line, tim has changed the company by taking jobs advice and following the path of his instinct and what he feel is right for the company. Corporate culture: the company has invested a lot of time in teaching employees about the corporate culture of the company and process of decision making and overall history of the company (goldfayn, 2012). The company must diversify in other segments as well. Like they have done it by producing the watch however, the company will have to explore more options. There is a rumor about the apple car where the company is trying to explore the option and there is also a rumor that they are hiring people in this category (richtel and chen, 2014). Reference Bodwell, w. And chermack, t.j., 2010. Organizational ambidexterity: integrating deliberate and emergent strategy with scenario planning.technological forecasting and social change,77(2), pp.193-202. Tayler, w.b., 2010. The balanced scorecard as a strategy-evaluation tool: the effects of implementation involvement and a causal-chain focus.The accounting review,85(3), pp.1095-1117. Cusumano, m.a., 2010.Staying power: six enduring principles for managing strategy and innovation in an uncertain world (lessons from microsoft, apple, intel, google, toyota and more). Oxford university press. Isaacson, w., 2012. The real leadership lessons of steve jobs.Harvard business review,90(4), pp.92-102. Goldfayn, a.l., 2012.Evangelist marketing: what apple, amazon, and netflix understand about their customers (that your company probably doesn't). Benbella books.

The Puritan Period and the Age of Classicism free essay sample

The Puritan Period and the Age of Classicism (1620-1780) †¢ Puritanism was a great moral and political reform that happened after the death of Queen Elizabeth †¢Literature was more critical and intellectual (made readers think than feel) †¢John Milton was crowning glory of the period †¢Paradise Lost (The Fall of Man) was the greatest religious epic of England †¢John Bunyan wrote The Pilgrim’s Progress †¢With King Charles II the Monarchy was restored †¢Next 40 years was known as Restoration Period A generation of writers known as the classical or neo-classical *They established verse form known as The Heroic Couplet. Rhyming iambic pentameter poems †¢Satire was prominent †¢Noted Satirist: Jonathan Swift Gulliver’s Travel Characteristics of Puritan Period †¢Place and source of corruption, theaters was closed few plays was written †¢Poems were heavily written Rise of Cavalier poets poets who wrote poem about love John Milton †¢Born on Dec. 9, 1608 †¢Second child of John and Sara Milton †¢Admitted to Christs College, Cambridge †¢got suspended after a dispute with his tutor †¢He composed on the morning of Christs Nativity -Dec. We will write a custom essay sample on The Puritan Period and the Age of Classicism or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page November, upon his memory Milton composed the beautiful elegy, Lycidas. †¢Milton married Mary Powell unhappy marrige - divorce - divorce pamphlets †¢Daughter: Anne and Deborah †¢Milton lost his sight glaucoma †¢On his blindness recount of his experiment of being blind †¢1656 Milton married Katherine †¢1663: Remarried to Elizabeth Minshul †¢Paradise Lost – Story of Man’s religious struggle - Paradise Regained – Man’s Struggle after his Downfall Alexander Pope †¢One of the most feared writers Known for his brilliant satires †¢One of the most quotable poets †¢Age of 12, did not grow anymore (4’6†) because of tubercular spinal infection †¢Hunchback but handsome †¢Essay on Criticism – his famous couplet, age of 23 oâ€Å"To err is human, to forgive is divine† oâ€Å"A little learning is dangerous† †¢Rape of the Lock – most famous mock epic – satire of the vanities of fashionable people; battle of the sexes †¢Translated Iliad by Homer †¢Last major work â€Å"The Dunchad† – attack to the dunces Alfred Lord Tennyson †¢Poet laureate Entered Cambridge – â€Å"The Apostles† – group of undergrads who later became intellectual leaders †¢Arthur Henry Hallam – best friend/fellow poet †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"In Memorian A. H. H. † – greatest elegy; took him 17 years to finish; he dedicate this to his best friend, Arthur Henry Hallam The Romantic Age (19th Century) †¢Resulted as a revolt against classicism †¢ Artistic and intellectual †¢ Novel – instrument of the period; fascination on metaphor †¢2 VIEWS OF LIFE: †¢Imaginative and idealistic †¢Psychological and realistic Robert Browning †¢Reflected optimism †¢Poems were telegraphic in style The Ring and the Book† †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Prospice† – greatest death song written †¢Dramatic monologues – only one gives the line (in different voices) and the others act †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"My Last Duchess† – written for his wife, Elizabeth Browning †¢Died at the age of 77 because of pneumonia Elizabeth Browning †¢Most respected and most successful prominent woman poets of the Victorian Era †¢Her greatest work, â€Å"Sonnets from the Portuguese† †¢Aurora Leigh – one of her famous works based on her personal experiences Percy Bysshe Shelley †¢One of the bad boys of English Literature Born on August 4, 1792 (Horsham, England) †¢Figured as a â€Å"reluct and dramatist† †¢Wrote â€Å"Necessity of Atheism† – led to his expulsion from Oxford †¢Married Harriet Westbrook when he was 19 †¢Met William Godwin – a philosopher of Revolt †¢He fell in love with Godwin’s daughter, Mary and married her Westbrook committed suicide †¢Mary Shelley wrote Frankenstein †¢His first work was â€Å"Alastor† †¢Famous works: â€Å"Ozymandias† and â€Å"Ode to the West Wind† – believed to be autobiographical †¢Loved the idea of writing about death †¢Died on July 8, 1822 William Wordsworth Studied at Cambridge University but wanted to learn more about France so he went to France and he was caught – led him to write â€Å"Apology for the French Revolution† †¢Met Samuel Coleridge and wrote â€Å"Lyrical Ballad† together †¢Most Popular Work: â€Å"The Prelude† – philosophic self-portrait and autobiographical Lord George Gordon Noel Byron †¢Byronic hero – state where in a person becomes defiant, melancholic due to sad past, unforgivable/unhappy past †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Hour of Idleness† his first work †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage – greatness †¢Died April 19 1824 because of pestilence fever †¢Icon of romantic movement.

My own private Idaho

A Look into the Journals of Mi essays

A Look into the Journals of Mi essays It has been ages since I last wrote in a journal, but the most unusual thing happened to me last night. I heard noises in the kitchen, so I took a candle to reveal the source of all the racket. Upon entering the kitchen, I saw a man, a young man it seemed, eating. Although it was difficult to tell by the candlelight, I dont believe he was white, but then he was not really dark skinned either. He looked more like the color of parchment. It is typical for some of the neighboring Negroes to come by, but that is usually in the daytime and they normally have some sort of greeting. I didnt mind though, I said to him, If its just food you want, you will find that, I figured that I am not one to bother a man who is obviously as close to death as one can get by being so hungry. I guess that is a result of the lesson that my father taught me, the words that I will never forget, they repeat constantly through my head. I remember very little of my father, but he did tell me once that in order to rise, you must raise the shadow with you. That shadow, of course referring to the darker skinned races. That actually explains a lot about my father actually. You see, he actually married a woman with dark skin named Juana, (the woman I am named after,) and together they had a light skinned son, much like the man who was visiting me last night. Their son, my half-brother, was named Calvin and he was a great man. He was shot along with my grandfather by one white soldier; my father loved him so much. His love was so great that the people of the town ostracized him and his whole family and will probably continue to until the end of time. I have been living out here in this great house, with only the comfort of the visiting Negroes, and it is for their company that I am further cast away by society. The fact that my family is from the North, yet living here in Jefferson, Mississi ...

The Great Khan Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Great Khan - Research Paper Example Chinggis Khan considered an influential leader, because he arranged and ensured the Mongols were well equipped so that they could overpower resisting forces and empiresii. In addition, Khan also believed in the power of organized communication because through effective communications respect would be exercised within the army. He ensured the army knew the significance of communication and information flowed easily between the squad and himself. Preparation was another factor used by Khan, to organize his army. He ensured the Mongols were well prepared before any fight. This allowed them adequate time to be ready for enemies. He also advocated for a well-laid plan before the army was involved in any battle. Khan was also known to be merciless. This feature made his soldiers respect him as a leader and thus he stood unopposed all the time. Mongols success can be attributed to Khan’s leadership skillsiii. The style in which Khan organized and equipped his army provided the Mongol s the power to defeat resisting forces and empires. The decisions made by Khan made the Mongols the most powerful empire in history. In addition, the military power of Mongols was considered the most powerful until the 20th century. The armies under the control of Khan were trained in magnificent tactics. The soldiers were required to master the use of horses and bows so that they could not lose in battles. Khan’s objective was to unite the diverse tribes into one and rule Asia. Khan believed in two philosophies â€Å"divide and conquer† and â€Å"strength in numbers†. The main tactic used by his soldiers involved dividing them into large groups, and surrounding their target before ambushing and conquering. The strength in numbers philosophy applied by ensuring more tribes united to develop the Mongolsiv. Mongol empire spread rapidly out of Asia by 1260. The empire destroyed old and powerful kingdoms in the Middle East and spread as far west as Egypt and Poland. The empire was the most powerful because of its war tactics applied in battlesv. The empire stretched as far as Russia. Mongol leadership in these areas incorporated them to the rest of the world. In addition, trade between Europe and Asia was promoted. The impact of Mongol empire and its unification factor could be felt even after it collapsed. One of the most significant legacies of the Mongol age is the development of the modern nation state that developed out of the ruins of the past Khanates. For over 400 years, unified china was inexistencevi. However, the Mongol empire established one country from three states, since, then China known to be unified as one state to date. Russia was also a development of the Mongols. Russia applied the centralization rule from the Mongols who had destroyed the decentralized governance of kievian Russia. Iran is another state affected by the Mongol rule. Prior to invasion by the Mongols, Iran had adopted Arabic culture used by most of the Middl e East countries. Mongols features dominated the governance and economic system applied by the Iranian government. The Mongol assisted in reinstating â€Å"shahname† as the Iranian state epic and in the introduction of â€Å"shism† that became dominant in later yearsvii. Europeans embraced the changes brought by Mongols in the world. Internationalization of Europe was largely motivated by Mongols. European countries embraced the

3G Vs 4G Wireless Technology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

3G Vs 4G Wireless Technology - Term Paper Example However, fourth generation (4G) communication system is the descendant of 3G system. The 4G communication system offers ultra speed internet services and it is the latest wireless application service for telecommunication technologies. The discussion in the paper is based on the study of distinctiveness of 3G and 4G wireless technologies and the future prospects of 4G. There are a few issues which are attached with the implementation of 4G network systems for providing important services to users worldwide. However, the advantages of 4G services are quite apparent compared to 3G services which will be helpful in varied applications. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Introduction 4 Thesis Statement 5 Problem Description 5 Results 12 Conclusion 15 Works Cited 16 Introduction The broadband services for the telecommunication technologies have advanced in a drastic way for the requirement of broadband internet services by users anywhere. Among the overall 1.8 billion broadb and users on a worldwide basis, almost two-third users have mobile broadband facility. The users who are using this mobile communication system are being offered this service through High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) network as well as Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. HSPA services can be used with HSPA modems or USB dongles and the use of fixed DSL modems have been swapped with the availability of these high speed wireless broadband technologies. LTE has provided many advantages to the users as well as to the service providers for its performance of offering speed in excess of 200 Mbps and its capacity of Radio Access Network (RAN) round-trip times is within 10ms. The LTE technology has met the requirement of 4G services of providing ultra broadband internet services (Kumaravel, â€Å"Comparative Study of 3G and 4G in Mobile Technology†). The 4G telecommunication system is the latest wireless application of providing ultra speed internet services and has succeeded the 3G sys tem. It facilitates the users with the services for providing flawless connectivity at any time anywhere while accessing varied information as well as services. It also provides a better quality of services and it is be considered as ‘Always Best Connected’ service (Tellabs, â€Å"4G: The What, Why and When†). In the present day context, people are more attracted to technologies such as smartphones, laptops, notebooks as well as tablets which provide wireless connectivity facilities. The 3G services which facilitate varied applications for smartphones and with the introduction of tablets which require higher capacity as well as performance for better accessibility of varied information and services, there lay the importance of 4G services (Rysavy Research, LLC, â€Å"Transition to 4G†). Thesis Statement The discussion emphasizes on 3G as well as 4G wireless application technologies and the importance of the 4G system has increased with the advancement of t echnology. It will also emphasize on the advantages as well as disadvantages of these two wireless technologies. The implications of 4G system which provides ultra speed broadband service is assessed in the paper. Problem Description The 3G network system has been successfully integrated with the varied applications which are required for smartphones. The technology has advanced to an extent which requires enhanced performance as well as capacity. The 4G network system has been introduced for the new technologies such as tablets as well as notebooks for faster accessing the varied information as well as services. There are certain basic differences in between the 3G and 4G network services which are offered to the people worldwide. 3G is considered as the world’

Zeitoun by Dave Eggers Understanding Hurricane Katrina Essay

Zeitoun by Dave Eggers Understanding Hurricane Katrina - Essay Example In a single story, Dave Eggers depicts the countless tales of trauma during and after the Hurricane Katrina, in the book Zeitoun. This paper critically examines how Eggers’ narrative in Zeitoun affects the understanding of Hurricane Katrina based on my own experiences with those depicted in the text and how they coincide with the event. Zeitoun is a contemporary nonfiction masterpiece that illustrates the devastating effects of Hurricane Katrina. In the book, Abdulrahman Zeitoun is an American Muslim, born and grown up in Syria before settling in the U.S. Zeitoun married Cathy, a native Louisiana Muslim. When Hurricane Katrina began, Zeitoun sends his family to Baton Rouge. Zeitoun stays behind to watch over his home and business. After the devastating storm, Zeitoun crosses the submerged city in a canoe helping trapped people. Zeitoun and two friends are arrested by law enforcement agents in the ensuing counterterrorism efforts. While Zeitoun experienced poor treatment in the hands of the security officers, the book gives clear picture of prison injustices met on the basis of discrimination. A critical analysis of the novel reveals that the author’s main themes relates to racism and the importance of family relationships in post-disaster efforts. With specific regard to the Hurricane Katrina, the book exposes the reader to the government inefficiencies and flaws in handling the disaster. In particular, the book explores the consequences of government inefficiencies such as prison injustices, discrimination and breaking of family ties. Litman (2006) argues that every disaster presents unique problems, and that Katina began with hurricane leading to civil disorder and isolation of people (2). The handling of the Hurricane Katrina has been criticized for various reasons. The Center of Progressive Reform (2005) argues that Katrina was foreseeable but emergency response planning and implementation efforts were poor (6). Although the book does may not paint a complete picture of the post-disaster management exercise, it exposes how long-running government inefficiencies could be exacerbated during disaster management and the consequences such inadequacies have on individuals and families. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) was mandated in overseeing both the preparation and response to the disaster. The book shows how FEMA could have lost its focus on mitigating natural disaster. On one hand, the book exposes how efforts from civilian volunteers could have helped in disaster response efforts. This is especially important considering that federal assistance was delayed for many days after the disaster. Criticisms have been raised against the leadership in disaster management. While there was communication breakdown, civilian volunteers could have had an impact in rescuing trapped people. The book uncovers the impact of prison injustices in the investigations of the terror threats following the Hurricane Katrina. For in stance, Zeitoun and other men are arrested and transferred to Hunt correctional facilities while no appropriate charges are preferred. This is especially important because the Zeitoun is not allowed to contact his family or friends. Egger says â€Å"Zeitoun had not been charged with a crime†¦.he did not know why he was being held†¦.in a small room surrounded by soldiers in camouflage demanding he removes his clothes’ (226). From the outset, this statement exposes the violation of human rights issues during the post-Katrina events. The author continues â€Å"

ICT In The Hospitality Industry

ICT In The Hospitality Industry Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is supposed to be one of the basic building blocks of the modern society and it is a necessary component of business culture. Information and Communication Technology plays a vital role in the hospitality industry and its importance has dramatically increased over the years. In todays world, each and every business uses ICTs and it is no more a distinct characteristic or a unique quality of any business, but using ICTs in a more effective and efficient way will help in obtaining a competitive advantage. Hospitality industry belongs to the service industry and consists of number of fields such as restaurants, lodging, theme parks, transportation, event planning and various other fields within the tourism industry. The hospitality industry always depend upon two main factors: one is the availability of leisure time and the other is the disposable income. Hospitality industries is one of the worlds largest and most permeant industries, the industry has exposed itself to the forces of change, especially by the ongoing developments in ICTs. E-commerce has been negatively influenced by few factors such as the current political developments and the slowing economy, but it is still booming in the hospitality industry. In the hospitality industry, the internet is not only used for gathering information, but it is also being used for acceptance of ordering services over the internet. Information and communication technology and hospitality are two of the most dynamic drivers of our global economy. In the case of hospitality industry, many authors have claimed that tourism must be treated as an information-intensive industry (Poon 1993; Sheldon 1997; Inkpen 1998), whereas, travel and tourism can be defined as an information business. Hospitality industry is a business that is related to information in all the ways, because information is one of the most important quality parameters to support actions for the tourism area as a service industry. Information is also used in various means in the hospitality industry, mainly they are observed in areas where gathering of information, generation, application, processing, application and communication of information is as important for day-to-day operation. Hospitality industry is also considered as a hybrid industry because more than any other services, they are more dominated by information. In the whole tourism sector, hospitality industry is considered as the forefront and it is always sensitive to the competitive pressure which keeps increasing constantly. The industry is also sensitive to the operational needs that are effective and control tools which are always the growing need. In order to overcome all the competitive pressure and to be effective, the use of ICTs will be the only solution as it is capable of bringing in new business opportunities as well as help in the overall business development. NEW INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES Innovation is a process that mediates between two streams of human activity. Market and technology develop in parallel and independently, save for a linkage through innovation. Innovation, therefore, is a response to changes in one or both of these streams. As the market changes, firms have to innovate with new products and services, frequently having to seek out new technology in order to accomplish this. On the other side, rapidly changing technology creates new opportunities and sometimes even creates changes in market structure. As a consequence, the more rapidly that stream changes, the greater the pressure will be for firms to be innovative. (Morton 1991) ICT always has a significant impact on all the industries and the growing importance of ICT in the daily business started causing threats and opportunities for the business. The current markets are changing, becoming bigger, faster, getting more standardised, it is always being segmented properly and all these makes it completely competitive. ICT has created a all new information infrastructure which resulted in a new way of accessing information between the buyer, seller and the middleman. Over the past few years, there has been a transformation from an industrial economy to an information economy in the industrialized world (Parker, 1998). ICT has been completely changing the business world and will also be changing the forms, processes as well as the substance of the firms and organisations. One of the most important scenes in the current world is that ICT has been driving the productivity as well as the profitability of any business. The scenario is not just about the decrease in computing costs or the increase in computing speeds and capacities, it is all about the new ways of using the computers and technology which would influence the existing business processes as well as the value chain in the hospitality industry (Thompson 1990; King 1998). Porter and Millar (Porter and Millar 1985) contend that ICT is also affecting the competition in major ways: ICT can change the structure of an industry, and alter rules of competition. ICT can be used to create sustainable competitive advantage and provide companies with new competitive weapons. ICT enables new business which can be developed from a companys existing activities. Porter (Porter 1985; Porter and Millar 1985; Porter 1995; Porter 2001) recognizes that ICT is reshaping industries and organizations competitiveness by changing the nature or conduct of business. ICT enhances the ability of organizations to manage their resources, increases their productivity, to communicate their policies and market their offerings, and to develop partnerships with all their stakeholders, namely consumers, suppliers, public sector, etc. We can state that ICT supports the development and maintenance of organizational competitiveness and competitive advantage. ICTs ADOPTION IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY In the hospitality industry, technology is considered as an important of sustainable competitive advantage and a strategic weapon (Poon, 1993; Sheldon, 1997; Connolly and Olsen, 2000; Rao, Metts and Monge, 2003). Various studies (Buhalis and Main, 1998; Evans and Peacock, 1999; Vich-i-Martorell, G.A., 2004; Tang and Louvieris, 2004) have found that the hospitality industry have been always keen in adopting information technology. The reason for the adoption of ICTs in hospitality industry is that they require a diverse range of information which basically made them encouraged to adopt the technology, as well as because of the widespread use of e-mail and the development of an on-line presence amongst the vast majority of organisations. Buhalis (2003) proposed that internet has been an ideal way of selling inventories on-line because of the broke up nature of the hospitality industry. Further investigation revealed that the level of ICTs adoption varies between various enterprises (Sigala, 2003). In most of the small and medium organisation, these services are available rarely because of the inadequate on-line booking services (Fux et al. (2007). Most of the earlier studies have cited the issue about the problems in answering to e-mails and defensive adoption of e-mail marketing in the small organisations. (Frey et al., 2003; Murphy et al. 2003; Schegg et al. 2006; Schegg et al. 2007). The following indicates the ICT index in the hospitality industry for various activities. Activities and ICT Index 4. ICT IN USE 4.1 Electronic Data Processing (EDP) Electronic Data Processing is usually referred to the use of automated methods to process data. The technology adoption increased before many years but it was basically limited to only the operational and administrative areas. Most of the organisation does not utilize the information that is available in the information system in order to use them in their strategic planning and decision making processes. 4.2 Property Management System (PMS) In the hospitality industry, ICTs are mainly used in booking systems which is considered as an internal technology. Property Management System acts as a central point that coordinates both the technology and hospitality operations. The main purpose of property management system is to manage room inventory, produce billing information and also to record the details of the guests or the customers. In order to integrate the billing and management reports, it often creates a interface with various other systems such as telephone system and food and beverages point of sales terminal. 4.3 Central Reservation System (CRS) Central Reservation System is a computerised system that helps to store and distribute information. When an organisation has a chain or belongs to any franchise group, Central Reservation System always helps in various ways. The system helps to book between all the organisations in the chain and would also accept direct booking from the central reservation office. The systems always have a direct access into property management system which would automatically update information to the front office. 4.4 Global Distribution System (GDS) Global Distribution System is also a computerised system which will include hotels, airlines, car rental and also other travel resources and they are most commonly used by travel agents. Global Distribution System is actually an operation in the computer reservation system and helps to book and sell tickets to multiple airlines. The system is not always connected to the main system and information will not be updated automatically, which means the information has to be updated manually. 4.5 Yield Management (YM) Yield Management which is also known as revenue management is a process in which the consumer behaviour is understood, anticipated and also influenced. It will result in maximizing the revenue as well as the profit from the resources. In the hospitality industry, yield management is used widely and largely in the same way. Using yield management, the rates, rooms and restrictions on sales are calculated in order to maximize the return of the business. The revenue managers in the hospitality industry have acquired over the last few years and in such a global economy the right distribution channel, correct controlling costs and the right marketing mix plays a vital role in yield management. The services are sold to the right people, at the right time and at the right place. Model of ICT INTERNET AND ITS USAGE IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY The Internet is a worldwide network and a global system that is interconnected to computer networks which use TCP/IP protocols to serve billions of users. The Internet plays a vital role in the hospitality industry and is being used in various forms. It also supports a wide range of services and tools that would enable communication and also data sharing. Some of the most important usage and activities on the internet are: (Cockburn and Wilson 1996) 5.1 Communication The Internet helps a lot in communication especially in the hospitality industry. It represents the largest part of the traffic that crosses the Internet. eMail is one way to communicate and it is also better for many companies and a way to go online. The main reason eMail is efficient is because it is cheap (eMail costs less than long-distance charges for fax machines or the phone), fast (most Internet mail arrives at its destination only minutes after dispatch), easy to use, and links many companies. The other advantage of eMails is that the message that is being delivered to the destination will already be in the electronic form. It reduces the time to scan and re-enter the data into the computer. eMail is the most used communication medium today for internal as well as for external communication. 5.2 Collaboration Collaboration is one other way the Internet can be used and most of the companies use the Internet to link themselves to the outside world. Usually, the connections are very easy to set up and also are very fast. In the hospitality industry, most of the companies are some way or the other linked with each other, so establishing a connection is very important and the Internet helps a lot. Staples, which is an American office that supplies store chain uses the Internet in a effective way and helps the customer to order various office supplies. Staples have also created their own customized supply catalogs which can run even in the intranet of the customers. All these catalogues will contain various items and their prices which are negotiated in the contract with each company. Using some of the eProcurement technologies, the customers are able to reduce cost of purchase order processing dramatically and also helps them to search and order items electronically (Ghosh 1998). 5.3 Information gathering The Internet can also be used to gather information easily and faster. Many companies use the Internet to gather data and information which can be used as an additional resource, especially companies that are involved in research and development. Almost most of the information and data are available over the Internet free of charge which helps the company to reduce their overall operating costs. One such example is Magna International, which is a leading global supplier of automotive components, systems and also complete modules. The company has created a database of their own which stores all the information about several of their competitors, rivals and partners. Information about their activities, development and future plans are stored in the Internet, most of which are extracted from the Internet. 5.4 Direct marketing and advertising The Internet and worldwide web is a useful resource which most of the companies use to improve their overall performance and profitability of the company. The Internet is an ideal medium in the business world that helps to promote the company as well as their services and products. The Internet marketing is one way of promoting the hospitality industry to the entire world which is also flexible and interactive. It helps to deliver all the required information to the consumers or the customers. Most of the companies in the hospitality industry have created their own homepages on the web which helps to get in contact with millions of people all over the world. It is helpful in one way or the other for the small companies to compete with larger ones. 5.5 Direct online selling Nowadays people are not required to go to some shopping centres or malls to do their shopping. They can do all that at the convenience from their house, companies have got their virtual experience into the web, where the customers can browse through the entire range of catalogs, and also examine their products more in detail. Whereas in the hospitality industry, customers are able to order food, book air tickets, rail tickets, browse through the events, and books the hotels with all the customized options. One good example of online selling will be the companies like Dell and Amazon. Dell sells their computers online, where the customers can choose their required configuration and they sell computers online at the rate of about $1 million a day. The travel platform Tiscover has almost initiated about 500,000 reservations and bookings in the year 2008. Different Forms of eCommerce CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE OF HOSPITALITY The hospitality industry has started realizing gradually that the revolution of ICT has changed all the operational practices and various paradigms; it has also altered the competitiveness of all the major hospitality actors in the market. In order to take advantage of the capabilities of the Internet, the hospitality industry has integrated the front office as well as the back office in a framework. Greater speed, connectivity, information-sharing and transparency is achieved by the convergence of all the technological devices. Because of which, all the organisation in the hospitality industry are focusing more on knowledge-based competition and are in the need for continuous innovation. The management are also under pressure and are forced to stay abreast on all the developments that occur in the market (Connolly et al., 2000). The organisations in the hospitality industry are focussed on increasing their online booking and online services by promoting their presence in the web more aggressively. The organisations have also capitalised on various collaboration and partnership marketing. In order to help the organisations connect to the wide range of distributors in the market, a multi-channel strategies are used. Some of the reports say that there are almost 35,000 websites where the consumers are able to book rooms in various hotels. All these developments have given way to wide range of challenges, integrity of rates, perception of brand, customer value and also segmentation. Because of the advancement in technology, the consumers are able to contact various organisations constantly which in return increase the transparency. The increase in transparency has made the entire organisation in the hospitality industry to rethink about their pricing strategies. The Internet has come up with many new tools for communicating with partners and consumers, which has implication on the distribution of the industry. The personalisation of products, information and processes has resulted in the emergence of high-tech and high-touch opportunities which the industry itself has to appreciate. The industry now has the opportunity to create a relationship with the customers and basically makes it to adopt the customer-centred approach. The organisations are able to add value at each and every stage of consumer interaction just because all the departments in the organisation are coordinated using ICT-enabled processes. In order to demonstrate the benefits and to illustrate the innovation of small properties, the ICTs are utilised strategically. The organisations are also enhancing their virtual size and compete with larger players by developing links with other properties. Whereas, all larger organisations are benefitted from the multi-channel distribution strategies, economies of scale and also from streamlining their operations through e-procurement. Globalised agenda are developed and are ensured that their operations and strategies are coordinated throughout the world by all the larger chain of organisation. In any case, ICTs and the Internet will be critical for the competitiveness of both large and small hospitality organizations. CONCLUSION The aim of the research is to explain the various uses of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the hospitality industry. ICT has been already used by all the key players in the industry which gives them the required competitive advantage, whereas small organisations are at a lower level. However, the Internet can be used as a powerful instrument to overcome all the disadvantages and helps to establish a competitive advantage in the market. Using ICT will not offer a competitive advantage, because the entire world is well aware about the technology and its usage. So the organisation should focus on using the right technology more effectively and efficiently. Basically, there are three objectives which the industry as well as the organisations in the industry has to focus on: Define a framework with which competitive advantage can be gained, and make the process systematised and evaluated from eCommerce solution Consolidating the business values of the Internet Explore the ways in which the competitive advantage can be enhanced and improved The advantages of the internet can be classified into two main categories: one as a primary tool for distribution, reducing the overall costs and by increasing the occupancy rate, and secondly it can be considered as a tool to increase the direct contact with the consumers or the customers. To extend the success factor in the hospitality industry, the internet can be used in product development, online surveys, online booking and also for various personalisations.

Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell :: essays research papers fc

Topic 1: What warning does the novel carry for readers at this point in time about where their society is heading? Introduction NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR’s society carries a warning to our society about where we might be heading. However I believe that we are already at a parallel with the society in NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR . Taking the focus of the media it becomes very clear that our society is very similar to the one in NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR if to a lesser extent. Looking at the media shows that the media have control over what we know and therefore what we think. Therefore who ever controls the media controls our thoughts, both here and in NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR . By showing the similarities between NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR and our world through the media it becomes clear that our society is very closely related to that of NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR . Control of our knowledge The media controls our knowledge of the outside world. If we don’t listen to the news we don’t find out what is happening in other countries. The media can be very selective about what stories they broadcast; they will broadcast the news that they think the public will want to hear. An example of this in our world was the September 11 attacks. We heard lots of news about how approximately 7000 people died but we didn’t hear about: o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The floods in India which killed thousands of people o  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The 32700(approx) people who died from hunger and curable diseases on September 11. In NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR Ingsoc controls the media. They decide what the people need to know and so effectively control their knowledge. If the party says that Oceania is at war with Eastasia then for all the people know it is. This is also true if the party says that Oceania is at war with Eurasia. Effectively the media controls our knowledge – we know what they choose to broadcast. Control of media Every media group is controlled by somebody. Whoever controls it controls what is broadcast to the public. The extreme case of this is in NINETEEN EIGHTY-FOUR . The party controls the media and so all stories go through them. They broadcast what they think it is necessary for the people to know and that is the end of the story. The party is basically the media and everything they say is always correct. If it turns out to be incorrect they change their records so that it is correct.

Influences of the Afghani Culture Essay

Imagine living in a country which is completely different from Canada. The lifestyle of this country will be very different from what you are accustomed to. And the culture will be more different. There are many cultures around the world. Each culture has different beliefs and expectations. The lifestyles of people in these cultures are all influenced by the culture. Based on the novel, The Kite Runner, by Khaled Hosseini, the Afghani culture imposes restrictions on the characters in the novel, consequently resulting in a negative impact on their lives. The Afghani culture inflicts restrictions on relationships, career choices, and household activities. Relationships are an aspect of the characters lives which is restricted by the Afghani Culture. In the Afghani culture, people believe that people should only marry within their own status: â€Å"People scoffed that [he] would never marry well- after all, he was not of royal blood† (Hosseini 16). Thus, due to the cultural influence, marriages between others of a different status are often forbidden. Royalty only weds royalty, poor only weds poor, and people in merchant families only wed people in other merchant families. Henceforth, a negative impact is imposed upon the characters, Baba and Rahim Khan, as they are not allowed to marry whoever they want. Even if marriage with a person of lower status occurred, the spouse â€Å"‘would have suffered, [the] family would have never accepted them an equal. You don’t order someone to polish your shoes one day, then call them ‘sister’ [or ‘brother’] the next’† (Hosseini 105). Furthermore, the relationship between the two castes, the Hazaras and the Pashtuns, are influenced by the Afghani culture, as the Hazaras are considered a lower caste by the Pashtuns: â€Å"[T]he reason Pashtuns had oppresse[d] the Hazaras, was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shi’a† (Hosseini 9). The cultural belief of the Hazaras being an unworthy caste results in restrictions of relationships between the Hazaras and the Pashtuns. Many Hazaras are almost never able to have a positive relationship with Pashtuns, instead they â€Å"have often been persecuted for their distinctive ethnicity and religious beliefs† (â€Å"Hazara†). Therefore, negative consequences are imposed on the Hazaras as they are often faced with a high level of hatred and a low level of respect. In the novel, Ali and Hassan, father and son who are Hazaras, are frequently bullied and teased by many of the Pashtuns in the community. The career choices of the characters in the novel are limited due to the Afghani culture. In the Afghani culture, people believe that people will be more successful in the same career path as their family: â€Å"People were always doubting him. They told Baba that running a business wasn’t in his blood and [that] he should study law like his father† (Hosseini 16). Thus due to the cultural belief of following your family’s career path, people in this culture are often restricted from choosing a career of which they truly desire. If someone was to follow a specific career path which matched their interests but was completely different from the careers of their family, they will be often pressured into not following their dreams. Hence, a negative impact is imposed on people in these situations as they are not able to follow their dreams and do what they wish to do. Similarly, in the novel, Baba’s wishes to become a business man were discouraged and pinned down by his loved ones as it was not a similar career to rest of his family’s. Furthermore, due to the strong discrimination of Hazaras in the Afghani culture, Hazaras will always be servants and cooks: â€Å"What does he know, that illiterate Hazara? He’ll never be anything but a cook† (Hosseini 37). The discrimination in the Afghani culture restricts Hazaras from getting a job other than as a servant or a cook. They will be born into servant families and grow up to be servants and that is how it will always be. Following their dream career paths is restricted by the Afghani culture as they do not have a choice of what career they want. The negative impact, as a result of this cultural restriction, is that Hazaras are never going receive the opportunity of having a career other than a servant or cook. They are always going to be burdened with the fact that they are going to be servants and cooks and nothing else. In the novel, even though Hassan, who is a Hazara, had dreams of having a successful career, he has â€Å"accepted the fact that he’d grow old in that mud shack in the yard as a servant, the way his father had† (Hosseini 62), due to the cultural restrictions in the Afghani culture. Household activities are limited and very specific due to the Afghani culture. There are specific activities which are believed to be sins in the Afghani culture such as drinking because â€Å"Islam consider[s it] to be a terrible sin; those who dr[i]nk would answer for their sin on the day of Qiyamat; judgement day† (Hosseini, 17). The cultural belief of specific activities being sins restricts people from performing these activities. These activities do not only include drinking but other activities as well and therefore many activities are restricted. Therefore, a negative impact is imposed on the people of this culture as they are not able to do some activities, even though might want to. Even if someone was to go against the culture, they would have to do the activity in secrecy or face negative attitudes from everyone else. Additionally in the novel, Baba drank even though it was considered a cultural sin and he received many negative comments from the people surrounding him. Moreover, in the Afghani culture, there are specific guidelines on what food can be eaten and how it should be prepared; â€Å"Baba had hand-picked the sheep again this year†¦ The mullah recites the prayer†¦ The custom is to divide the meat in thirds†¦ The custom in to not let the sheep see the knife. Ali feeds the animal a cube of sugar – another custom to make death sweeter†¦ The mullah grabs it under its jaws and places the blade on its neck†¦ before he slices the throat in one expert motion† (Hosseini, 81). These guidelines restrict the people of this culture of eating specific food. All of their food must be a specific food prepared a specific way because â€Å"the common Islamic food prohibitions are respected in Afghanistan. For example meat is only eaten from animals that are slaughtered according to the Islamic law† (â€Å"Culture of Afghanistan†). Therefore they cannot eat all foods. They are negatively influenced by this cultural belief as they are not allowed to eat whatever they want. They must always make sure they are following the specific food prohibitions and therefore they are not able to try different foods. The Afghani culture imposes restrictions on relationships, career choices and household activities. Overall, many negative impacts of the characters in the novel, The Kite Runner, have occurred as a result of the restrictions placed upon them by the Afghani culture. Although the restrictive attributes of the Afghani culture has a negative impact on the people, it is those same attributes which make it unique from other cultures.

Tips on Writing a Religion Essay Topics and Handling Structure

Tips on Writing a Religion Essay Topics and Handling Structure Tips on Writing a Religion Essay: Topics and Handling Structure Religion has always been interesting and thought-provoking since the existence of man on earth. The man’s mind was curious to find out the wonders of nature that could not be comprehended by tribes and the society at large. An essay about religion is likely to be assigned to you if your area of study involves religion, sociology or literature. At first you might be puzzled by the task. Especially if you are an international student. However, our tips are supposed to help you out. Read on! Structure of the Essay on Religion An excellent essay has several characteristics such as coherence, properly structured and thought of and ultimately, a glimpse of the analysis. An essay should not be complicated because it is not a research article. Through an essay, your professor can assess your capability of reasoning ideas and communicate them in a brief and transparent way. So here are 3 major pieces of advice you should follow: Start with the introduction of the essay. Engage your reader through putting forward an interesting and controversial argument. You may enlarge your introduction by adding background information that relates to the context. Substantiate your thesis by developing your unique line of reasoning. You should be informative and straight to the point. It is wise to choose three to five persuasive arguments that are applicable to your religion course. Organize your illustration such that they start from the weakest to the strongest and thought-provoking. If you keep the readers focused, everybody will be interested in your topic. The conclusion is the part that matters most since some of the readers are usually not eager to read your entire work. If they do not feel captured by your conclusion, then they will not read your work at all. It is critical for you to use your knowledge and summon your energy when you write your introduction and conclusion. At this stage, you need to briefly state your main points and emphasize your thesis statement. This section has a similar size to your introduction. Religion Essay Topics An essay about diverse religions will help you understand the area of study and how to use the theoretical framework. But which topic should you concentrate on? Below are some of the most widely-discussed topics: Gender Issues in Hinduism. Polygamous Marriages in Islamic Tradition. What Drives People to Change Their Religion? Should Religious Leaders Play an Active Role in Politics? Why Is the Bible the Most Popular Book in the World? Should Teen Marriages Be Allowed in the Church? Did any topic catch your attention? Then grab it and start exploring it in order to write an amazing religion essay.

Commedia dellArte essays

Commedia dellArte essays Drama, Commedia dellArte Assignment. Commedia dellArte, the known name for a group of professional actors who would travel together around Europe. These professional actors helped nurture and grow some of the worlds most commonly used acting styles and ideas. They defined and set the standard of skills that an actor needs to develope and use in drama. They also created succesful character personalitys, that are still used in the world of theatre in todays modern world. If it were not for these actors the standard of theatre couldve never reached the level of what it is today. The actors would travel the countryside and visit towns and perform I the Village Square. Often the play would be about political issues or problems that were currently happening in the village at that present time. But the usual topic is that of the two lovers, not being able to marry, in an epic tale of jealousy or pride, similar to that of William Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. These Lovers were played by younger people, who did not were masks like the other characters. These masks symbolised a certain character, and their personality traits. This was used to help the audience maybe gain knowledge of what is happening and understand the story better, by the way one character might seem vein and self indulgent because of his stride and speech. Which would work with his large nose to show that he is not what he thinks he is, but still sees himself above the common person. Commedia dellArte, is seen as possibly being one of the most successful types of theatre that has been put together, with the right number of characters with the right amount of range in their personalitys to cook up many multiple performances of which to entertain people. Many performing artists similar to that of Commedia dellArte, have shown their similarities and skill in using character traits and personalitys to crea ...

The Impacts Of Global Warming And Ways To Avoid Them Research Paper

The Impacts Of Global Warming And Ways To Avoid Them - Research Paper Example Critics of the global warming phenomenon argue that global warming is in fact not an environmental crisis but a manufactured issue artificially created for a variety of unsavory and politically-inspired reasons. Despite the shrinking number of detractors, global warming is a phenomenon which affects our planet every single day. Seeking to address the political issues surrounding global warming, this research paper will provide a comprehensive and in-depth overview of the global warming phenomenon. We will begin with a discussion of the evidence in support of global warming and explore the connection between global warming and climate change. Although the focus of this analysis will be the political ramifications of global warming, an introductory section must explain what global warming actually is. We then explore the Kyoto Accord and discuss the detractors of this international climate agreement. Due to the politically-charged nature of this international agreement, this essay will explore whether or not there will be a â€Å"post-Kyoto† international climate agreement, and discern whether or not it would be effective at reducing carbon emissions. Although the United States has controversially not implemented Kyoto, we will explore the possible consequences to the United States of the continuation of global warming. Global warming and climate change are two terms which are often used interchangeably. Has a link between global warming and climate change been established? Yes, global warming is caused by an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. As we shall see below, the effects of global warming include changes in atmospheric temperatures and rainfall, which can lead to climate change (Arnella & Reynard 397). Global warming is most generally described as an average increase in the Earth’s temperatures.

Doing Business Globally & Internationally Essay - 1

Doing Business Globally & Internationally - Essay Example In addition, the effects of the exchange rates movements on the partnership are highlighted in the paper. Finally, an analysis of the various aspects of international business is identified in the paper. International business entails the concept of cross-border trade activities between different countries and organizations. The paper examines various aspects of international business by evaluating the partnership between Kellogg and Wilmar International. The essay examines the environmental factors and trends that contributed to the partnership. Moreover, there is a comparative analysis of the first and second entry attempt by Kellogg Company into the Chinese market. The national and organization cultures highlighted in the case study are examined critically in the essay. In addition, the effects of the exchange rates movements on the partnership are highlighted in the paper. Finally, an analysis of the various aspects of international business is identified in the paper. 2 Wilmer International Limited refers to an investment company that operates in various business segments in different parts of the world. The company business activities encompass different parts such as processing and merchandising of lauric and palm oil as well as refining and processing soybean. The company also operates in other segments, which include sales, packaging of various products such as edible oils, flour, grains and rice (Aswathappa 27). The company also engages in the cultivation and milling of palm oil and sugar (Wilmar-international.com 2015). The Chinese economy ranks among the fastest expanding economies in the world. In addition, the authorities in the countries have diversified their political and economic approaches in order to cater for the emergence of globalization of trade (Alon 32). 4 The Chinese government has liberalized the criteria of using the internet that is crucial for marketing activities. Initially, the government controlled most of

Peer review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Peer review - Essay Example According to the article, incorporating a balanced scorecard allows any organization to analyze how they are doing both non-financially and financially through going deep into where they are and decide the route that they will follow in order to attain their goals and objectives. According to Blocher et al. (2012), they also believe that in order to succeed, you have to align your business activities to the strategy and vision of the organization, improve external and internal communications, as well as monitor organization performance against planned goals. In the last paragraph, the writer elucidates to the reader how the organization overcame their plummeting sales through changing their strategy and deciding what their client would like to experience, how they can evaluate their financial performance and better manage their internal affairs, which were all significant aspects of assessing the performance of an organization (Michelli, 2007). Some of the thing that the writer could have added to the paper to make it more special is discussions on why the sales of Starbucks decreased in 2007 and how they got back up. Some critics also advise that writers should bear in mind that their articles might reach many people from different religions, thus is it also advisable to write from a neutral point of view rather than dwelling on one religion in order for others to feel recognized

A Streetcar Named Desire-A Tragic Hero Essay Example for Free

A Streetcar Named Desire-A Tragic Hero Essay There are nine types of heroes in this world, each of them with their own unique stories, plots, cliches etc. Among those is the classic tragic hero, one who is destined to fail no matter what. In a Streetcar Named Desire, the tragic hero is Blanche Dubois, an aging Southern Belle living in a state of perpetual panic about her fading beauty. In this essay it will be discussed what makes Blanche a tragic hero and how she compares to a typical tragic hero. A typical tragic hero is first and foremost, born of noble stature. This gives the hero something to fall from, so they can fall from grace (Avril Lavigne, Nobodys Home). Blanche Dubois born in Laurel, Mississippi, to a wealthy family. She is a former schoolteacher who had been evicted from Belle Reve (a family home) after being declared a woman of loose morals. This was because years earlier, Blanches husband committed suicide after she expressed her distaste on his sexuality. She later had many affairs trying to numb her grief on the death of her husband. The second condition for a tragic hero is what is called Hamartia, a tragic flaw that auses the downfall of the hero. Blanches tragic flaw is that she is dependant on men, so much so that she makes choices and does things that are morally questionable. She manipulates and lies to potential suitors to make herself seem more attractive and younger-which in her mind is the only way a man will love her. She does this with Harold Mitch Mitchell and it seems to be working until Mitch is informed of all the lies hes been fed, at which point Mitch breaks up with Blanche and leaves her vulnerable for Stanley to rape. The reversal of fortune, peripeteia, is when the fortunate hero is down on his luck. In Blanches case, she loses Belle Reve, her husband is a homosexual and dead, she is evicted from her own town and is losing her beauty. She used to be a wealthy and beautiful Southern belle with a loving family and kind husband but her luck changed directions and she lost everything she held dear. One of the most obvious conditions of a tragic hero is nemesis, the fate that cannot be reversed. In other words, no matter what the hero tries or does their fate is ealed. Blanches fate is inevitable, all people can do is watch as she falls deeper and deeper into her delusions and misconceptions of reality. In the end of the tragedy, the audience should be left feeling pity or fear after witnessing the downfall of the tragic hero, catharsis. This is because the punishment dealt to the hero is not wholly deserved, the punishment far exceeds the crime. Blanche was a sad and confused woman who was looking for comfort and someone to take care of her. She lied and manipulated people to try and get the happy life she anted but that did not mean she deserved to be raped, abandoned by her own sister and publicly humiliated. Blanche herself said It [deliberate cruelty] is the one untorgivable thing in my opinion and it is the one thing I nave never, never been guilty of. (Williams, Scene 10 Pg 126) Anagnoririsis is the recognition or discovery made by the tragic hero, the point in time when the hero realizes what went wrong and why. Most other tragedies like Hamlet and Mcbeth feature this but this does not happen to Blanche. In the end Blanche was sent to a mental institution, she never gained any knowledge of what truly happened and why. In this way, it could be said that Blanche is not your typical tragic hero because she does not meet this point but that is not a bad thing. Blanche is a unique tragic hero who will never know what went wrong as she has submerged herself in her own little world. A typical, yet unique, tragic hero, Blanche did her best to be happy, her only goal. Unfortunately for her, she did not go about the right way of doing it. The wrong eople were angered and others tried to force Blanche to face reality. Blanche was unable to let go of the walls that protected her from the harsh truth, and so she fell from grace. The final scene in which Blanche utters her most famous line l have always depended on the kindness of strangers. , is the sad culmination of Blanches vanity and total dependence on men for happiness. sealed. Blanches tate is inevi table, all people can do is watch as sne talls deeper and unforgivable thing in my opinion and it is the one thing I have never, never been

Sopranos and the Perpetuated Mafiosi Image Essay -- essays research pa

The Sopranos and the Perpetuated Mafiosi Image A life of organized crime, fancy cars, machine guns, beautiful women, money, power and family; these are the images that have perpetuated the associations of Italian-Americans with the Mafia in film and television for decades. It is in this traditional Godfather fashion that the HBO hit series The Sopranos continues to perpetuate this stereotypical image into the 21st century. From classic films like The Godfather and Goodfellas, to miniseries events like Bella Mafia and The Last Don, to the dramatic series The Sopranos, Italian-Americans have traditionally been portrayed as gangsters and mobsters and have been seen living the lives of organized criminals. Italian-Americans and the Mafia have traditionally been linked in popular culture and The Sopranos is no exception. "It's undeniable that the dominant pop-culture images of Italian-Americans have been the mobster and the related, anti-working class stereotype of the boorish gavone" (De Stefano 32). Textually, Tony Soprano is just this. He is an Italian-American, living in a suburban New Jersey town, the head of the local Mafia family. He is anything but working class, as he is continually portrayed as the mobster dealing with "business." He is involved in murders, blackmail, illegal gambling and racketeering. Inter-textually, there are frequent references to Mafia popular culture. Tony and his gang regularly recite lines from The Godfather and refer to each other as "Donnie Brasco." Tony's relationship with his therapist parallels that of the satiric Mafia film, Analyze This and comments are made to that effect. These inter-textual references draw attention to the traditional Mafia portrayals in film and television and acknowledge the existence of this stereotypical d epiction of Italian-Americans in visual media. The producers of The Sopranos go as far as to include comedic extra-textual references, drawing upon the social commentary of ethnic stereotyping. When Tony's therapist and her family make a toast over dinner to the "20 million Italian-Americans" who have nothing to do with organized crime, we see here a representation of the opposition by Italian-Americans to the Mafia-stereotype. Sub-textually, the covert commentary within the series runs deep. Running between the lines are sub-plots dealing with family val... ...hus associates people of such ethnic descent with crime and corruption. Those in opposition of the show see it as " a buffoonish caricature of (these) people" and "an ethnic minstrel show" (Showalter 42). In line with traditional representations of Italian-Americans in visual media, the Sopranos continues a portrayal of Mafiosi and glamorized lives of crime and power. Yet, this fresh take on and old image successfully creates a window to the realistic lifestyle of a modern-day Mafia family. While this series presents a look at only a microcosm of contemporary society, it perpetuates the stereotypical association of Italian-Americans as sensationalized Mafiosi and glorifies the lifestyle of organized criminals in the 21st century. BIBLIOGRAPHY Auster, Albert. "The Sopranos: the gangster redux." Television Quarterly 31 : 4 (Winter, 2001): 34-8. De Stefeno, George. "Ungood Fellas." The Nation 270 : 5 (Feb. 7, 2000) : 31-3. Golway, Terry. "Life in the 90's." America 180 : 10 (March 27, 1999) : 6. Showalter, Elaine. "Mob Scene." American Prospect 11 : 8 (Feb. 28, 2000) : 42-3 . The Sopranos. Chase, David. HBO. 1999-2002.

Intellectual Property Piracy

Intellectual Intellectual property is under attack by pirates. These pirates are not wearing an eye patch or sporting a peg leg, they are anybody and everybody who are selling or copying software for personal or business use. When it comes to software and online piracy, in certain countries, it is like the Wild West, there are laws that are very cut and dry but it seems like nobody follows them. On the other hand there are certain countries where it almost seems like anything goes with a lack of government regulation.The United States has very strict laws about copyright infringement. If a person is found guilty of copyright infringement in the US, it is considered a felony charge which carries a heavy fine as well as possible jail time. In December 2011, the Office of the US Trade Representative (USTR) released a list of â€Å"notorious markets,† or markets that â€Å"typify the problem of marketplaces that deal in goods and services that infringe on IPR and help to sustain global piracy and counterfeiting,† according to a USTR press release(China Urges US, 2012).Along with strict enforcement of anti-piracy laws, countries of North America, Western Europe and Australia tend to follow the Rule of Law in which society validates laws and codes. There are many associations emerging to fight technology piracy to ensure intellectual property rights. Such organization such as WTO (World Trade Organization), WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization), and the WCT (World Copyright Treaty) have been created to police the piracy of intellectual property. With these organizations, intellectual piracy had seen a decline for a short amount of time.In a study in 2009, it was found that of all software found in developed countries, 80% of the software was legitimately purchased. On the other hand, it was also found that in emerging countries, about 60% of software was found to be pirated. Those emerging countries account for 45% of the global hardware marke t while they only account for less they 20% of legitimate software. Emerging countries are actually putting out more computers then legal software to put on the computers. In 2009 alone, the US lost 50 billion dollars to software piracy. It is a daunting task to police these intellectual thieves.When looking at the piracy of intellectual property globally, it seems to be a complicated task at hand to police. There are many countries that are trying to get a grasp on the problem at hand. Statistically the United States are leading the way with only 21% of its software was pirated in a 2008 report. In January 2012, the US passed the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA) in the U. S. House and the Senate's Protect Intellectual Property Act (PIPA ) which would strengthen penalties for pirating movies, music, merchandise and books, have pitted corporate interests against each other and against free-speech advocates(Mitchell, 2012).Though one out of five computers in the US had illegal software, which is better than the 95% of software pirated in the country of Georgia. Organizations such as the WTO are helping on the forefront of against piracy by creating treaties amongst countries to in order to reduce the level of theft of IPR’s. The countries that seem to be adhering to this these treaties tend to have a higher level of individualism as well as a stronger grasp of the rule of law in compared to their counterparts. Other ways of controlling the piracy plague have been put into place.Technological security system like adding passwords and login, putting protection on the purchased software that would make it incapable of copying or burning are progressing to slow down the taking of intellectual property. Will this stop the problem completely? Most likely not, but it provides a promising future for IPR’s. In undeveloped countries across the world, piracy is running rampant with out much government enforcement. In China, it is legal to have 499 pirated DVDs i n a person’s possession. If caught with more, it’s only a fine that would be about the same as a parking ticket.With countries such as China India or Russia that have a low sense of individualism, IPR is not a pressing matter. Those are some of the greatest populated countries of the world and the problem spreads even further then them. Without stricter enforcement in such countries, there is no end to how far piracy of software will go. In Western Europe, there is the alarming fact that more computer hardware is being produced then software is being sold. These emerging countries are taking hold of counterfeiting and sophisticating the way of doing business illegally.With the internet and person to person sharing, it is getting easier and more efficient to sell and trade pirated software. Piracy is inevitable. When the people of the world have no ethical problem with breaking IPR’s, there will be no end to the problem. The majority of the people that are pirati ng do not believe they are even breaking any laws. As much as we try to control, regulate and enforce piracy, there will always be someone looking for a new way of finding an end to a means. Piracy has been compared to that of illegal drug trafficking, it is an endless war that seems to have no end in site.If your take the cultures in where the heaviest of piracy of software is taking place, it is those that are a collective society, with little regard for those IPRs of individuals. The only way that piracy will end is if the world changes and conforms to having principles that respect these creative individuals and their governments take initiative and lead the way in solving this problem. This unfortunately, may never happen, and piracy will continue to be a problem that plagues the business world.

Nursing Image Essay

1 Introduction One of the most challenging issues nurses striving for since 20 years ago is nursing image in nursing profession. We define ourselves and are defined by others through images and similarly in any other profession like nursing. The way nurses how nurses perceive themselves as professional will affect the way others include family, friends, associate and public to look you. In the Concise Oxford English Dictionary image is defined as ‘the general impression that a person, organization or product presents to the public’ (Soames & Stevenson, 2004) or as ‘a mental picture representing a real object or a more or less accurate likeness of a thing or person’ (Thomas, 1993, p. 965) in Tabor’s Encyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Nurses have to try to get out from the stereotype of nursing image from the past like ministering angel, battle-axe/sex symbol, handmaiden of doctors, subordinate professional and finally autonomous professional that need critical thinking to make decision to ensure the to render the most effective and efficient care for patient. The image of a nurse portrayed in the media will very much influence the public the way they view at nurses either positively or negatively. Nurses are invisible as mentioned by public as they are used to be silent and accept what others think about them until recently some coalition announced In this write up I am interested to explore nursing image and nursing profession in past year that impact current positive image of nursing in the country with strategies that promoting and sustaining nursing image. 2 Critical Discussion on the Current Image of Nursing in the country In order to upgrade the nursing status in Malaysia to become more profession which account to better image of nursing, nurses are encouraged to pursue higher education to admit to degree program, Master’s and PhD courses either in full time or distance-learning program. This uptake brought Malaysian  nurses to become more professionalization. Besides, Malaysia Nursing Board had endorsed a mandatory CPE program in 2008 with feedbacks from nurses to update knowledge, better patient outcome, improve communication skills, increase sense of self-esteem and competency to practice autonomously and improve decision making skills (Chong, 2011). In the study of Natan, 2009 stated 68.5% (245 out of 358) of nursing students of Israel believed they must have undergo change with these Five characteristics of the present profession of nursing, that is, Angel of Mercy, Romantic, Careerist, Obedient and Bureaucratic. Same as other studies that student nurses expect the aspect of Careerist (Mackay & Elliott, 2002; Spouse, 2000) as the major characteristic of nursing profession which represent an intelligent, logical, progressive nurse committed to achieve increasingly higher standard of patient care (Kalisch and Kalish, 1987; Natan, 2009). Due to the strong patriarchal society, nurses in Iran have a poor image of nursing that bring to low self-esteem, sense of frustration, hopelessness and confusion about self-image and social identity of nursing. So, male nursing student strived to get a university degree to work in hospital as supervisor, internal managers, in the office of nursing, or even on business side of medicine or medical equipment but not in patient care provision. And, there is always a need for male and female nurses vacancy as female nurses have their limitation to meet all the male patients’ needs and male nurses always occupy the senior position (Nasrabadi, Emami, & Yekta, 2003; Adib Hajbaghery, & Salsali, 2005; Zamanzadeh, Azadi, Keogh, Monadi, & Negarandeh, 2013). After the Iran-Iraq War there is an increasing demanding in male nurses to provide emergency care in affected area and also in compliance with the laws of the Islamic Republic Iranian male patients’ preference to be cared by male nurses (Fooladi, 2003). Therefore, about 50% of the baccalaureate students admitted into the nursing program in the final years of war (1985-1988) but it dropped to 20% again after the war (Zarea, Negarandeh, Dehghan-Nayeri, & Rezaei-Adaryani, 2009; Nikbakht, & Emami, 2006). Factors that associate with nursing image a) Uniform If a nurse wears a fit uniform which public perceive as sexy, which may suggested more sexualized work attire actually lessens respect for female workers in responsible jobs like management, causing others to see them as less competent and intelligent. b) Gender In general the public reflected nursing as a female profession where they are subordinate, nurturing, domestic, humble, caring and self sacrificing as stereotyped since nightingale’s work and European religious sisterhood model of nursing education (Anthony, 2004). In United State, 6.2% of RNs were men before year 2000 and then increased to 9.6% (Department of Health and Human Service, 2010). c) Media This is the most salient factor that affect nursing image. Due to the media perception about nursing is ‘caring’ but not knowledgeable, competent in patient care, therefore, public will see nurses in the same way as they get known to nursing through what media portrayed. Nurses nowadays are aware of the poor image of nursing as perceived by public had greatly devaluing the nursing profession. Inspiringly, The Center for Nursing Advocacy who helps to guard the influence of nursing image from media by announcing the best and worst portrayal of nurses in the media annually. d) Poor communication According to Gordon 2004, nurses who do have enough confidence, tools and skills to communicate with media will gain respect, public recognition and rewards for being considered as a profession. 3 Critical Discussions on the Significance of Portraying Positive Image in Nursing Profession It is important to have portraying positive image in nursing profession as it reflect nurses’ high quality of patient care, recognition from nurses and others by making a difference in patient wellbeing and hence gain empowerment in decision making in better patient outcome (Ulmer, 2000). By improving and maintaining both public perception of nursing image and nurses self-image, it help to increase nurses’ recruitment and retention, better working environment to improve nurses’ morale and motivation to work, and enhance better job performance, job satisfaction, patients’ satisfaction and empower nurses to affect policy making (Fletcher, 2007; National Students’ Nurses Association 2009-2010). Nurses must grab every single opportunity to positively reflect share your own experiences contributed to patient care in workplace as a role model and mentor to junior nurses formally via organization authority or informally as through your own awareness, mission and enthusiasm in bringing nursing profession to perfection. In 1989, Zukav stressed the way we see and picture ourselves will affect us subconsciously to seek and make the image either positively or negatively and hence gravitate towards others to reinforce it as your image. Nursing had been regarded as a vocation where a nurse provides service to patient and as a divine calling which linked to early roots of nursing within religious order. But in professional field today, nursing is a profession that renders patient care to a complex healthcare system by using our critical thinking skills to make clinical decision together with patients through the specialty knowledge acquired. If only we strike to portray our profession and specialty in positive manner then we must be able to attract and recruit people to join nursing career and to retain in these nursing profession. In addition, the positive nursing image we portraying will correct the devastating image shown in media to public, friends, family members and relatives by telling them what is actually nursing profession means and its contribution to patient care, what are nurses doing in their day to day practice in clinical or non-clinical area, what types of critical or  technology skills we need in order to keep abreast of medical and technology innovation. To genuinely lobbying all these messages through media and discourses with high school students we will be able to recruit more intellectual people not only thinking but also inspired to count on nursing profession as their career. Conversely, the negative nursing image like work incompetently, not interested to work extra effort, not valuing what nurses contributed to patients, gossiping and criticize about colleagues, will make others, public and media to devalue nursing image in nursing profession. As a leader in nursing, nurses should wrote to media to correct whatever the misconception of public regarding nursing image which may devaluing nursing qualities of patient care. 4 Suggestions on Strategies in Promoting and Sustaining Nursing Image Nurses must always identify themselves as a nurse and talking about their nursing profession to public, friends, family and relatives to promote positive image of nursing. Media always interested in human-interest stories rather than nurses professional abilities. Nurses must explicitly explain to media our aspects of work in order to make the nurses profession be visible and to advance. Nurses take themselves seriously and dress the part. With the uniform they wear to keep reminding them to act professionally and collaborate with other healthcare profession to enhance quality of care render to patients through team work among staff and shared clinical decision making with patients and family member. Nurses must join at least one or more professional association. It can be Malaysia Nursing Association (MNA), National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and others. These association helped to organize seminar annually on continuing nursing education in different diversities among different facilities either locally or internationally to update our knowledge to keep abreast with other healthcare professional group to enhance the image of nursing in the  media to make us visible and to represent our practice area to affect the policy maker on Evidenced-Based Practice (EBP) issues by sharing nursing experiences through networking with other nurses. For example, nurses from different facilities meet together to share successful experiences of reducing the rate of Catheter Related Blood Stream infection (CRBSI) among Haemodialysis patient by instilling Gentamicin block into Intrajugular catheter (IJC) and hence to reduce the rate of mortality due to septicemia while awaiting for the Arterio-veno us fistula to be mature and ready for use. In Nurses Week, nurses write to editor of health-related magazine to announce Nurses Day to make public aware of nurses’ contribution to public through clinical experiences to improve and enhance public perception of nursing image to regards nursing as profession. Dispense nurse-related book as free gift to non-nurses to inspire and inform public of nurses’ contribution in healthcare system. Therefore, we can promote our nursing image to them by making it visible and known to public in order to breakdown the stereotype negative images of public. Get involved in a health campaign to give talk regarding contemporary healthcare issue, for example, educate about ‘dengue fever’ by using our professional knowledge regarding disease to educate the public ways of prevention and instruct them to seek treatment in clinic if needed to early detect and improve community health problem. 5 Conclusions Promoting and sustaining positive nursing image is very crucial in nursing profession to keep nurses to be motivated to work and retain in the profession to be more professional and be a role model and mentor nurses everywhere you go to promote nursing image either in personal life or professional workplace. It is also very inspiring to correct public media’s misconception of nursing image by writing to them to keep inform and upgrade them regarding positive image in nursing to recruit more staff to join nursing and retain in nursing and to enhance job satisfaction, job  performance. By actively involved in professional organization to talk to policy maker, write to media or newspaper to keep them well-informed of nurses’ achievement and to get recognition from public. 6 References 1. Adib, H. M., & Salsali, M. (2005). A model for empowerment of nursing in Iran. BMC Health Service Research, 5(1), 24-35. 2. Anthony, A. S. (2004). Gender bias and discrimination in nursing education: Can we change it? Nurse Educator, 29(3), 121-125. 3. Chong, C. M., Sellick, K., Francis, K., & Lim, K. (2011). What Influences Malaysian Nurses to Participate in Continuing Professional Education Activities? Asian Nursing Research, 5(1), 38-47. 4. Fletcher, K. (2007). Image: changing how women nurses think about themselves. Literature review. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58, 207-215. 5. Fooladi, M. M. (2003). Gendered nursing education and practice in Iran. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 14(1), 32-38. 6. Gordon, S. (2004). Nurses and public communication: Protecting definitional claims. Journal of Nursing Management, 12, 273-278. 7. Kalisch, P. A., & Kalisch, B. J. (1987). The changing image of the nurse. Menlo-Park, CA: Addison-Wesley. 8. Mackay, L., & Elliott, J. (2002). Nursing recruitment: School daze. Health Service Journal, 112(5801), 30-38. 9. Nasrabadi, A. N., Emami, A., & Yekta, Z. P. (2003). Nursing experience in Iran. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 9(2), 78-85. 10. National Students’ Nurses Association (2009-2010). The Ripple Effect of Nursing: How Our Actions Reflects Our Image. Available at: http://www.nsna.org/Portals/0/Skins/NSNA/pdf/pubs_image_guidelines.pdf. 11. Soames, C., & Stevenson, A. (eds) (2004). Concise Oxford Dictionary, 11th edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 12. Spouse, J. (2000). An impossible dream? Images of nursing held by pre-registration students and their effect on sustaining motivation to become nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 32, 730-739. 13. Thomas, C. L. ed. (1993). Tahor’s Encyclopedic Medical Dictionary, 17th edn. F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA. 14. Zarea, K., Negarandeh, R., Dehghan-Nayeri, N., & Rezaei-Adaryani, M. (2009). Nursing staff shortages and job satisfaction in Iran: Issues and challenges. Nursing and Health Sciences, 11(3), 326-331.